Introduction to Computing Flashcards
A programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data. The computer data is processed according to the software’s instructions or commands.
Computer
Originates as a word referring to someone who manually carried out calculations instead of an actual machine.
Computer
Digital computers and analog computers
The 1940s and 1950s
A sequential device that operates data one at a time.
Digital Computers
The representation of data reflects the properties of the data being modeled in an analog computer.
Analog Computers
A wheel and a disc integrator
James Thomson
Differential Analyzer
Vannevar Bush
First Generation
Vacuum Tubes
Second Generation
Transistors
Third Generator
Integrated Circuits
Fourth Generation
Microprocessors
A computer system responds to the instructions it receives from the users and uses an input unit to acquire those instructions.
Input Unit
The data from the input unit proceeds to the processing unit before it s executed.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
When the input and central processing unit processes are accomplished, the data is fed to this unit where the result is shown.
Output Unit
When data reaches the processor from input devices, the memory unit saves it immediately.
Memory Unit
This manages the computer device functions and is the central component of the CPU.
Control Unit
This processor is responsible for mathematical calculations and issues the computer system deals with while functioning.
Arithmetic-Logical Unit (ALU)
A collection of software programs and commands that control computer hardware to make it usable.
Operating Systems (OS)
It is a network of web pages that are found using a link address.
Web (World Wide Web)
CERN
Time Burners-Lee
A massive interconnection of networks connecting millions of computers globally.
The Internet
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Links computers for shared resources through the internet.
Computer Networking
PAN
Personal Area Network
LAN
Local Area Network
CAN
Campus Area Network
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
WAN
Wide Area Network
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
Gives electrical and mechanical connections to the network.
Physical layer
Handles error recovery.
Data link layer
Acts as the network controller that receives outgoing messages and combines messages and segments into packets with a header detailing the routing information.
Network layer
Liable for end-to-end delivery between devices.
Transport layer
Provides the control functions required to start, manage, and end connections to satisfy user requests.
Session layer
Accepts and structures the messages for an application by converting the message from one code to another.
Presentation layer
It interacts with application programs with communication components such as a web browser and email.
Application layer
Connects devices within a local area network.
LAN Ethernet Cable
Interconnects networking devices, but risks the broadcast of data it receives to all devices connected to it.
Hub
Initiates a direct connection from the sender to the destination bypassing the data traffic to ensure data privacy.
Switch
Uses a cable connection to create a broadband network connection from a home network to the internet service provider (ISP).
Cable Modem
Provide resources, data, services, and programs to other computers or clients over a network.
Servers
A security device that monitors and secures incoming and outgoing network traffic based on established security policies.
Firewall
Connects wireless devices and provides a connection to wired LANs.
Wireless Access Point
Consists of a router, switch, and wireless access point that uses radio frequency to link networking devices.
Wireless Router
Combines the functionality of a modem and a router, thus making it a convenient source of internet connectivity.
Wi-Fi Modem
The simplest network topology where two devices, like a computer or router, are connected directly.
Point-to-point
Its deterministic nature ensures access to message transmissions at regular or fixed time intervals for each connected station.
Token Ring
Occurs when computers share the media for data transmissions using a coaxial cable, preventing data transmission from being extremely effecient.
Bus
The most common networking topology in LANs today, where all the devices connect to a central switch or hub.
Star
It is when the networking devices are directly connected where several paths exist between the end devices.
Mesh
