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1Y1 MIDTERM > Introduction to Computing > Flashcards

Introduction to Computing Flashcards

1
Q

A programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data. The computer data is processed according to the software’s instructions or commands.

A

Computer

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2
Q

Originates as a word referring to someone who manually carried out calculations instead of an actual machine.

A

Computer

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3
Q

Digital computers and analog computers

A

The 1940s and 1950s

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4
Q

A sequential device that operates data one at a time.

A

Digital Computers

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5
Q

The representation of data reflects the properties of the data being modeled in an analog computer.

A

Analog Computers

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6
Q

A wheel and a disc integrator

A

James Thomson

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7
Q

Differential Analyzer

A

Vannevar Bush

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8
Q

First Generation

A

Vacuum Tubes

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9
Q

Second Generation

A

Transistors

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10
Q

Third Generator

A

Integrated Circuits

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11
Q

Fourth Generation

A

Microprocessors

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12
Q

A computer system responds to the instructions it receives from the users and uses an input unit to acquire those instructions.

A

Input Unit

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13
Q

The data from the input unit proceeds to the processing unit before it s executed.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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14
Q

When the input and central processing unit processes are accomplished, the data is fed to this unit where the result is shown.

A

Output Unit

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15
Q

When data reaches the processor from input devices, the memory unit saves it immediately.

A

Memory Unit

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16
Q

This manages the computer device functions and is the central component of the CPU.

A

Control Unit

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17
Q

This processor is responsible for mathematical calculations and issues the computer system deals with while functioning.

A

Arithmetic-Logical Unit (ALU)

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18
Q

A collection of software programs and commands that control computer hardware to make it usable.

A

Operating Systems (OS)

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19
Q

It is a network of web pages that are found using a link address.

A

Web (World Wide Web)

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20
Q

CERN

A

Time Burners-Lee

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21
Q

A massive interconnection of networks connecting millions of computers globally.

A

The Internet

22
Q

ARPANET

A

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

23
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language

24
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

25
Q

Links computers for shared resources through the internet.

A

Computer Networking

26
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network

27
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

28
Q

CAN

A

Campus Area Network

29
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network

30
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

31
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection

32
Q

Gives electrical and mechanical connections to the network.

A

Physical layer

33
Q

Handles error recovery.

A

Data link layer

34
Q

Acts as the network controller that receives outgoing messages and combines messages and segments into packets with a header detailing the routing information.

A

Network layer

35
Q

Liable for end-to-end delivery between devices.

A

Transport layer

36
Q

Provides the control functions required to start, manage, and end connections to satisfy user requests.

A

Session layer

37
Q

Accepts and structures the messages for an application by converting the message from one code to another.

A

Presentation layer

38
Q

It interacts with application programs with communication components such as a web browser and email.

A

Application layer

39
Q

Connects devices within a local area network.

A

LAN Ethernet Cable

40
Q

Interconnects networking devices, but risks the broadcast of data it receives to all devices connected to it.

A

Hub

41
Q

Initiates a direct connection from the sender to the destination bypassing the data traffic to ensure data privacy.

A

Switch

42
Q

Uses a cable connection to create a broadband network connection from a home network to the internet service provider (ISP).

A

Cable Modem

43
Q

Provide resources, data, services, and programs to other computers or clients over a network.

A

Servers

44
Q

A security device that monitors and secures incoming and outgoing network traffic based on established security policies.

A

Firewall

45
Q

Connects wireless devices and provides a connection to wired LANs.

A

Wireless Access Point

46
Q

Consists of a router, switch, and wireless access point that uses radio frequency to link networking devices.

A

Wireless Router

47
Q

Combines the functionality of a modem and a router, thus making it a convenient source of internet connectivity.

A

Wi-Fi Modem

48
Q

The simplest network topology where two devices, like a computer or router, are connected directly.

A

Point-to-point

49
Q

Its deterministic nature ensures access to message transmissions at regular or fixed time intervals for each connected station.

A

Token Ring

50
Q

Occurs when computers share the media for data transmissions using a coaxial cable, preventing data transmission from being extremely effecient.

A

Bus

51
Q

The most common networking topology in LANs today, where all the devices connect to a central switch or hub.

A

Star

52
Q

It is when the networking devices are directly connected where several paths exist between the end devices.

A

Mesh

1Y1 MIDTERM (3 decks)

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