Introduction to Computers, The Internet, and The Web

Question 1

Who is the first programmer?

Answer 1

Ada Lovelace, a nun

Question 2

It performs calculations and makes logical decisions faster than humans

Answer 2

Computers

Question 3

What processes data under the control of sequences of instructions

Answer 3

Computer Programs

Question 4

The receiving section obtains information and places it at the disposal of the other unit for processing. (i.e. webcam, mouse, keyboard, scanner)

Answer 4

Input devices

Question 5

Shipping section that takes information and makes it available for use outside the computer (i.e. screen monitor, printer, speaker)

Answer 5

Output devices

Question 6

It retains information that has been entered through the input unit, making it immediately available for processing when needed.

Answer 6

Primary Memory or Random Access Memory

Question 7

Type of memory typically lost when the computer’s power is turned off

Answer 7

Volatile memory

Question 8

How many bytes is: gigabytes; megabytes

Answer 8

One billion bytes; one million bytes

Question 9

How many bits is a byte

Answer 9

Eight bits

Question 10

It is the minimum unit of binary information stored in a computer system

Answer 10

A bit, which can either be on or off, 1 or 0

Question 11

Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logic (or, and) operations

Answer 11

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Question 12

Part of the CPU that decode and execute instructions as well as register other components

Answer 12

Control Unit

Question 13

This computer unit administers and coordinates the operation of the ALU and Control Unit

Answer 13

Central Processing Unit

Question 14

implements multiple processors on a single integrated-circuit chip

Answer 14

Multi-core Processor

Question 15

Kind of storage unit that preserves information even when the computer’s power is turned off

Answer 15

Secondary Storage Unit

Question 16

It is a form of data items processed by computers. The simplest data item is called bits.

Answer 16

Data Hierarchy

Question 17

An example of a character set that represents common special characters

Answer 17

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Question 18

It is a group of characters that conveys meaning (i.e. uppercase and lowercase letters representing a person’s name)

Answer 18

Fields

Question 19

This is a group of related fields (i.e. record of an employee consisting of different information about that employee)

Answer 19

Records

Question 20

This is a group of related records

Answer 20

Files

Question 21

A “collection of data” organized for easy access and manipulation

Answer 21

Database

Question 22

Data stored in simple tables

Answer 22

Relational database

Question 23

This includes records and fields

Answer 23

Table

Question 24

The people who write instructions in various programming languages

Answer 24

Programmers

Question 25

Give the three general types of programming language

Answer 25

Machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages

Question 26

This type of programming language consists of strings of numbers (1, 0) that instruct computers to perform their most elementary operations

Answer 26

Machine Languages

Question 27

This type of programming language is like the abbreviation of English to represent elementary operations

Answer 27

Assembly Languages

Question 28

What converts assembly language to machine language

Answer 28

Assemblers

Question 29

This type of programming language can be written in single statements. It looks like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations

Answer 29

High-level languages

Question 30

What converts high-level languages into machine language

Answer 30

Compilers

Question 31

Give the 4 applications of the C programming language

Answer 31

Operating systems, embdedded systems, real-time systems, communication systems

Question 32

This is the combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function

Answer 32

Embedded systems

Question 33

Give an example of an embedded system

Answer 33

navigation systems, smart home appliances, smartphones, traffic lights

Question 34

Bjarne Stroustrup developed this language based on the C language

Answer 34

C++

Question 35

What are examples of programming languages built on C

Answer 35

Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,

Question 36

What are examples of programming languages based on C

Answer 36

Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,

Question 37

Enumerate the phases of a typical C program-development environment

Answer 37

Creating a Program, Preprocessing and Compiling a C Program, Linking, Loading, Execution

Question 38

In phase 2, what occurs when the compiler cannot recognize a statement because it violates the rules of the language

Answer 38

Syntax error or compile errors or compile-time errors

Question 39

What is an example of a C compiler

Answer 39

Mingw

Question 40

True or false: The compiler issues an error message to help you locate and fix the incorrect statement.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the command used to compile and link a program?

Answer 41

gcc

Question 42

Give 4 examples of operating systems

Answer 42

Linux OS, Microsoft's Windows, Apple's macOS, Google's Android OS

Question 43

What is the software that contains the core components of the operating systems (hint: popcorn)

Answer 43

Kernel

Question 44

What is the first internet called?

Answer 44

ARPANET

Question 45

What is the protocol (set of rules) for communicating over the ARPANET?

Answer 45

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 46

What do you call the sequentially numbered pieces routed by TCP from the sender to receiver

Answer 46

Packets

Question 47

What is the combined set of protocols for communicating over the internet?

Answer 47

TCP/IP

Question 48

It refers to the capacity at which a network can transmit data

Answer 48

Bandwidth

Question 49

What are the software components that can be accessed by an app over the internet

Answer 49

Web services

Question 50

This refers to a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites (i.e. .gov.ph and .edu.ph)

Answer 50

Domain names

Question 51

Technology that helps internet-based applications perform like desktop applications

Answer 51

Ajax

Question 52

On the internet of things, a ___ is any object with an IP address and the ability to send data automatically over the internet

Answer 52

thing

Question 53

LAMP is an acronym for the open-source technologies that developers use to build web applications. It stands for...

Answer 53

Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP

Question 54

The tools that developers use to program applications is called...

Answer 54

Software Development Kit

Question 55

Differentiate alpha vs beta version of products

Answer 55

Alpha version is the earliest release of a software product, whereas beta version is released to a larger number of developers after most major bugs from the alpha version have been fixed and new features are nearly complete

Question 56

The software product version that is released to the general public

Answer 56

Final release

Question 57

What is an example of a software product that uses continuous beta?

Answer 57

Google search or Gmail

Question 58

This is developed to execute high-level language programs directly without previously converting them to an object code or machine code

Answer 58

Interpreter programs