Introduction to Computers, The Internet, and The Web Flashcards
Who is the first programmer?
Ada Lovelace, a nun
It performs calculations and makes logical decisions faster than humans
Computers
What processes data under the control of sequences of instructions
Computer Programs
The receiving section obtains information and places it at the disposal of the other unit for processing. (i.e. webcam, mouse, keyboard, scanner)
Input devices
Shipping section that takes information and makes it available for use outside the computer (i.e. screen monitor, printer, speaker)
Output devices
It retains information that has been entered through the input unit, making it immediately available for processing when needed.
Primary Memory or Random Access Memory
Type of memory typically lost when the computer’s power is turned off
Volatile memory
How many bytes is: gigabytes; megabytes
One billion bytes; one million bytes
How many bits is a byte
Eight bits
It is the minimum unit of binary information stored in a computer system
A bit, which can either be on or off, 1 or 0
Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logic (or, and) operations
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Part of the CPU that decode and execute instructions as well as register other components
Control Unit
This computer unit administers and coordinates the operation of the ALU and Control Unit
Central Processing Unit
implements multiple processors on a single integrated-circuit chip
Multi-core Processor
Kind of storage unit that preserves information even when the computer’s power is turned off
Secondary Storage Unit
It is a form of data items processed by computers. The simplest data item is called bits.
Data Hierarchy
An example of a character set that represents common special characters
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
It is a group of characters that conveys meaning (i.e. uppercase and lowercase letters representing a person’s name)
Fields
This is a group of related fields (i.e. record of an employee consisting of different information about that employee)
Records
This is a group of related records
Files
A “collection of data” organized for easy access and manipulation
Database
Data stored in simple tables
Relational database
This includes records and fields
Table
The people who write instructions in various programming languages
Programmers
Give the three general types of programming language
Machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages
This type of programming language consists of strings of numbers (1, 0) that instruct computers to perform their most elementary operations
Machine Languages
This type of programming language is like the abbreviation of English to represent elementary operations
Assembly Languages
What converts assembly language to machine language
Assemblers
This type of programming language can be written in single statements. It looks like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations
High-level languages
What converts high-level languages into machine language
Compilers
Give the 4 applications of the C programming language
Operating systems, embdedded systems, real-time systems, communication systems
This is the combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function
Embedded systems
Give an example of an embedded system
navigation systems, smart home appliances, smartphones, traffic lights
Bjarne Stroustrup developed this language based on the C language
C++
What are examples of programming languages built on C
Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,
What are examples of programming languages based on C
Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,
Enumerate the phases of a typical C program-development environment
Creating a Program, Preprocessing and Compiling a C Program, Linking, Loading, Execution
In phase 2, what occurs when the compiler cannot recognize a statement because it violates the rules of the language
Syntax error or compile errors or compile-time errors
What is an example of a C compiler
Mingw
True or false: The compiler issues an error message to help you locate and fix the incorrect statement.
True
What is the command used to compile and link a program?
gcc
Give 4 examples of operating systems
Linux OS, Microsoft’s Windows, Apple’s macOS, Google’s Android OS
What is the software that contains the core components of the operating systems (hint: popcorn)
Kernel
What is the first internet called?
ARPANET
What is the protocol (set of rules) for communicating over the ARPANET?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
What do you call the sequentially numbered pieces routed by TCP from the sender to receiver
Packets
What is the combined set of protocols for communicating over the internet?
TCP/IP
It refers to the capacity at which a network can transmit data
Bandwidth
What are the software components that can be accessed by an app over the internet
Web services
This refers to a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites (i.e. .gov.ph and .edu.ph)
Domain names
Technology that helps internet-based applications perform like desktop applications
Ajax
On the internet of things, a ___ is any object with an IP address and the ability to send data automatically over the internet
thing
LAMP is an acronym for the open-source technologies that developers use to build web applications. It stands for…
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
The tools that developers use to program applications is called…
Software Development Kit
Differentiate alpha vs beta version of products
Alpha version is the earliest release of a software product, whereas beta version is released to a larger number of developers after most major bugs from the alpha version have been fixed and new features are nearly complete
The software product version that is released to the general public
Final release
What is an example of a software product that uses continuous beta?
Google search or Gmail
This is developed to execute high-level language programs directly without previously converting them to an object code or machine code
Interpreter programs
