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Introduction to Computing > Introduction to Computers, The Internet, and The Web > Flashcards

Introduction to Computers, The Internet, and The Web Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the first programmer?

A

Ada Lovelace, a nun

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2
Q

It performs calculations and makes logical decisions faster than humans

A

Computers

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3
Q

What processes data under the control of sequences of instructions

A

Computer Programs

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4
Q

The receiving section obtains information and places it at the disposal of the other unit for processing. (i.e. webcam, mouse, keyboard, scanner)

A

Input devices

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5
Q

Shipping section that takes information and makes it available for use outside the computer (i.e. screen monitor, printer, speaker)

A

Output devices

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6
Q

It retains information that has been entered through the input unit, making it immediately available for processing when needed.

A

Primary Memory or Random Access Memory

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7
Q

Type of memory typically lost when the computer’s power is turned off

A

Volatile memory

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8
Q

How many bytes is: gigabytes; megabytes

A

One billion bytes; one million bytes

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9
Q

How many bits is a byte

A

Eight bits

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10
Q

It is the minimum unit of binary information stored in a computer system

A

A bit, which can either be on or off, 1 or 0

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11
Q

Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logic (or, and) operations

A

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

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12
Q

Part of the CPU that decode and execute instructions as well as register other components

A

Control Unit

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13
Q

This computer unit administers and coordinates the operation of the ALU and Control Unit

A

Central Processing Unit

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14
Q

implements multiple processors on a single integrated-circuit chip

A

Multi-core Processor

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15
Q

Kind of storage unit that preserves information even when the computer’s power is turned off

A

Secondary Storage Unit

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16
Q

It is a form of data items processed by computers. The simplest data item is called bits.

A

Data Hierarchy

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17
Q

An example of a character set that represents common special characters

A

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

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18
Q

It is a group of characters that conveys meaning (i.e. uppercase and lowercase letters representing a person’s name)

A

Fields

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19
Q

This is a group of related fields (i.e. record of an employee consisting of different information about that employee)

A

Records

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20
Q

This is a group of related records

A

Files

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21
Q

A “collection of data” organized for easy access and manipulation

A

Database

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22
Q

Data stored in simple tables

A

Relational database

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23
Q

This includes records and fields

A

Table

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24
Q

The people who write instructions in various programming languages

A

Programmers

25
Q

Give the three general types of programming language

A

Machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages

26
Q

This type of programming language consists of strings of numbers (1, 0) that instruct computers to perform their most elementary operations

A

Machine Languages

27
Q

This type of programming language is like the abbreviation of English to represent elementary operations

A

Assembly Languages

28
Q

What converts assembly language to machine language

A

Assemblers

29
Q

This type of programming language can be written in single statements. It looks like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations

A

High-level languages

30
Q

What converts high-level languages into machine language

A

Compilers

31
Q

Give the 4 applications of the C programming language

A

Operating systems, embdedded systems, real-time systems, communication systems

32
Q

This is the combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function

A

Embedded systems

33
Q

Give an example of an embedded system

A

navigation systems, smart home appliances, smartphones, traffic lights

34
Q

Bjarne Stroustrup developed this language based on the C language

A

C++

35
Q

What are examples of programming languages built on C

A

Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,

36
Q

What are examples of programming languages based on C

A

Objective C, Java, C#, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Swift,

37
Q

Enumerate the phases of a typical C program-development environment

A

Creating a Program, Preprocessing and Compiling a C Program, Linking, Loading, Execution

38
Q

In phase 2, what occurs when the compiler cannot recognize a statement because it violates the rules of the language

A

Syntax error or compile errors or compile-time errors

39
Q

What is an example of a C compiler

A

Mingw

40
Q

True or false: The compiler issues an error message to help you locate and fix the incorrect statement.

A

True

41
Q

What is the command used to compile and link a program?

A

gcc

42
Q

Give 4 examples of operating systems

A

Linux OS, Microsoft’s Windows, Apple’s macOS, Google’s Android OS

43
Q

What is the software that contains the core components of the operating systems (hint: popcorn)

A

Kernel

44
Q

What is the first internet called?

A

ARPANET

45
Q

What is the protocol (set of rules) for communicating over the ARPANET?

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

46
Q

What do you call the sequentially numbered pieces routed by TCP from the sender to receiver

A

Packets

47
Q

What is the combined set of protocols for communicating over the internet?

A

TCP/IP

48
Q

It refers to the capacity at which a network can transmit data

A

Bandwidth

49
Q

What are the software components that can be accessed by an app over the internet

A

Web services

50
Q

This refers to a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites (i.e. .gov.ph and .edu.ph)

A

Domain names

51
Q

Technology that helps internet-based applications perform like desktop applications

A

Ajax

52
Q

On the internet of things, a ___ is any object with an IP address and the ability to send data automatically over the internet

A

thing

53
Q

LAMP is an acronym for the open-source technologies that developers use to build web applications. It stands for…

A

Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP

54
Q

The tools that developers use to program applications is called…

A

Software Development Kit

55
Q

Differentiate alpha vs beta version of products

A

Alpha version is the earliest release of a software product, whereas beta version is released to a larger number of developers after most major bugs from the alpha version have been fixed and new features are nearly complete

56
Q

The software product version that is released to the general public

A

Final release

57
Q

What is an example of a software product that uses continuous beta?

A

Google search or Gmail

58
Q

This is developed to execute high-level language programs directly without previously converting them to an object code or machine code

A

Interpreter programs

Introduction to Computing (2 decks)

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