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Programming Logic & Design > Introduction to Computers and Programming > Flashcards

Introduction to Computers and Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What is a program?

A

A set of instructions for a computer to perform a task

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2
Q

What does a programmer or software developer do?

A

Designs, creates, and tests computer programs

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3
Q

Define hardware in computing

A

Physical devices that make up a computer

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4
Q

List the major hardware components of a computer

A

CPU, main memory, secondary storage, input devices, output devices

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the CPU?

A

Runs programs

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6
Q

What is another term for modern CPUs?

A

Microprocessors

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7
Q

What is main memory also known as?

A

RAM

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8
Q

Describe the function of main memory

A

Computer’s work area, stores running programs and data

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9
Q

What happens to data in main memory when power is off?

A

Contents are erased (volatile)

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10
Q

What is the purpose of secondary storage?

A

Holds data long-term, even without power

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11
Q

List examples of secondary storage

A

Disk drives, solid state drives, USB drives, cloud storage

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12
Q

What do input devices do?

A

Collect data

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13
Q

Give examples of input devices

A

Keyboard, mouse, touchscreen

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14
Q

What is the function of output devices?

A

Present data

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15
Q

Provide examples of output devices

A

Video displays, printers

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16
Q

How do computers store all data?

A

As sequences of 0s and 1s

17
Q

What is a byte?

A

8 bits

18
Q

Define a bit

A

Binary digit (0 or 1)

19
Q

What is the binary numbering system?

A

System of numbers using only 0s and 1s

20
Q

How are characters stored in computers?

A

Using numeric codes (e.g., ASCII, Unicode)

21
Q

What language do CPUs understand?

A

Machine language (binary instructions)

22
Q

Describe the program execution process

A
  1. Fetch instruction 2. Decode instruction 3. Execute operation
23
Q

What are the two levels of programming languages?

A

Low-level and high-level

24
Q

What is assembly language?

A

A low-level programming language that uses mnemonics

25
Q

What is a compiler?

A

Translates high-level language to machine language

26
Q

Define an interpreter

A

Translates and executes high-level language instructions

27
Q

What is source code?

A

Statements written by programmer

28
Q

What is an IDE?

A

Software for writing, compiling, and testing programs

29
Q

What are the two main categories of software?

A

System software and application software

30
Q

What does system software do?

A

Controls or enhances computer operation

31
Q

What is the purpose of application software?

A

Performs everyday tasks

Programming Logic & Design (2 decks)

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