Introduction to Community, Population, Public, and Global Health Flashcards
public health
A field of study that focuses on improving and protecting the health of a population through health promotion and disease prevention.
community health
A field of study on improving the health of a group, usually within a specific geographic area, like a neighborhood.
population health
A field of study that focuses on the health needs of a specific group of people.
community
A collective group of people who identify as living in the same geographically defined area or as having the same culture, religious beliefs, ethnicity, health issues, or socioeconomic circumstances.
Public health is described as
Public health is rooted in
the science that focuses on the health and function of society at large by promoting healthy lifestyles, measuring disease, and preventing injuries.
science.
Which of the following disciplines describes a nurse who is focused on a specific group of people and their barriers to health care resources?
A. Community health
B Population health
C Public health
D Global health
B Population health
EQUITY
A principle in which everyone is treated fairly.
SYSTEMIC BARRIERS
Practice, policy, or decision-making obstacles in organizations that discriminate by screening individuals so they are prevented from participation.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
The study of health conditions, their origins, patterns of distribution, and effects in populations.
ecological model of community health nursing shows
These factors are
how various internal and external factors affect healthy behavior on multiple levels of society.
internal (beliefs);
interpersonal (interactions with others);
institutional (rules and regulations of an organization);
community-related (social norms);
and public policy (laws and policies by the government on any level).
Stages of Change Model (Transtheoretical Model)
PCPAMT
Precontemplative (not seeing a need to change)
Contemplative (seeing the need for change but blocked by barriers to adopt change)
Preparation (creating a plan to change)
Action (implementing the plan to change)
Maintenance (implementing and maintaining the plan for change)
Termination (the healthy behavior is ingrained without thoughts of reverting to previous behavior)
During the maintenance stage
individual may go back to the old behavior when under stress or in conflict
The I PREPARE mnemonic helps nurses and other providers focus on the environmental factors when completing an assessment
I – Investigate Potential Exposures
P – Present Work
R – Residence
E – Environmental Concerns
P – Past Work
A – Activities
R – Referrals and Resources
E – Educate
Social Cognitive Theory
focuses on an individual’s personal beliefs about self and their interactions with their interpersonal relationships and environment.
Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior
two theories are based on the premise that a person’s intention to engage in healthy behavior determines whether they actually do it or not.
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
-used to help nurses understand factors affect an individual’s health
-use those factors to guide them toward healthier behaviors.
-states people work toward actions that are of value to them and are achievable),
factors affect an individual’s motivation to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
-prior experiences;
perceived benefits, barriers,
capability to do the desired behavior;
current life situation;
presence of social support.
According to Pender,
people more likely to engage in healthier behaviors when they perceive fewer barriers,
see greater benefits,
believe in their own abilities for success,
have a supportive social system that engages in the activity with them.
SHOWS FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALTH ON MULTIPLE LEVELS OF SOCIETY
LOOKS AT WHAT MOTIVATES A PERSON TO ADOPT A HEALTHY HABIT
DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT STAGES A PERSON GOES THROUGH WHEN ATTEMPTING TO ADOPT A HEALTHY HABIT
ECOLOGICAL MODEL
HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL
EXPLAINS A PERSONS INTERACTION WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS REGARDING THEIR HEALTH
DISCUSSES HOW INTENTION CAN DRIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANGE
LOOKS AT A PERSONS BACKGROUND FACTERS THAT MAY AFFECT THE LIKLEHOOD OF THEM ENGAGING IN A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
FOCUSES ON THE LARGER SOCIETAL AND SYSTEMIC ISSUES THAT IMPACT HEALTH
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
THEORY OF REASONED ACTION / PLANNED BEHAVIOUR
PENDERS HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
UPSTREAM THINKING
Ethical Principles of Public Health
-Beneficence -Doing good; acting to benefit the client
-Nonmaleficence- Doing no harm; determining the risk-benefit for any action
-Justice - Treating others fairly, equitably, and with respect
-Autonomy-Personal value and worth to determine their path and make choices
-Veracity-Truthfulness and ability to keep commitments and promises
-Informed consent-Requires a competent, fully informed client who understands the options and potential outcomes of their choice
-Confidentiality-Sharing information only with those who have a right and need to know
Community health nursing is different from community-based nursing. In community-based nursing, although the setting is in the community, the care focus is primarily on the health issues of individuals of all ages and their families
the care focus is primarily on the health issues of individuals of all ages and their families
NURSE CASE MANAGER
RN ENGAGED IN CONNECTING CLIENTS TO RESOURCES THAT WILL HELP THEM MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH AND INCREASE POSITIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES
Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
digital client charts.
-accessible to providers and organization employees and are password protected.
-updated in real time and can be accessed remotely across health care entities.
-allows for providers from differing organizations to view and document the same record
OMAHA System
research-based, public domain, standardized taxonomy promoting the comprehensive practice and documentation to explain client care needs
Surveillance Systems
four initiative areas.
one of the 10 core public health functions.
Surveillance data -essential for improving population health.
Notifiable diseases
Syndromic surveillance
Mortality reporting
Electronic laboratory reporting
Core Public Health Function and Essential Public Health Services
Assessment:
Policy development:
Assurance:
Assessment:
Gathering and analyzing data about a defined area and making that data available for the public to access. This can include epidemiological statistics and community health issues.
Policy development: Collaborating with leaders and lawmakers
Policy development
Collaborating with leaders and lawmakers to develop public health policies, based on sound research and reliable data, that are fair and equitable for the whole population.
Assurance:
Ensuring that all the services that were agreed upon by the population are accessible and available to all by motivating collaborative entities in the community, through direct services or regulations of services in the defined community.
10 essential services that the U.S. public health system offers
1.Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets.
2.Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population.
3.Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it.
4.Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health.
5.Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health.
6.Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public’s health.
7.Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy.
8.Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce.
9.Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement.
10,Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health.
social determinants of health
Non-medical, environmental conditions such as place of birth, age, and community where living, learning, playing, and working that influence health, functioning, and quality-of-life.
A community health nurse has partnered with the local library to write a grant for more computers at the library so that school children, residing in a low-income area, could have access to internet-based educational materials for homework. Which of the following social determinants of health is being addressed here?
A. Economic stability
B Social and community context
C Access to and quality of education
D Neighborhood and built environment
C Access to and quality of education
Levels of Prevention
PRIMARY - target audience for this level of prevention is the well population
SECONDARY - target audience for this level are those within the population who are possibly “at risk” for having a condition that the community health team was trying to prevent on the primary level
TERTIARY - the target audience consists of those in the population who have the condition and now need help to manage it
Nancy, an RN, works for the health department of a small coastal town with a population 5,500 people. Nancy receives a call from John, an RN who heads the health ministry in a local place of worship in a part of town that is near a high flood zone. The church is a designated storm shelter, and a moderate number of the congregants live in the zone area. John is asking Nancy to help with disaster preparedness for the upcoming hurricane season.
Nancy is a public health nurse for the health department, and her client is the whole population of the coastline. John is a faith community nurse, and his client is the congregation of the place of worship.
SDOH
(5)
SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTHCARE
-ECONOMIC STABILITY
-ACCESS TO AND QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
-NEIGHBORHOOD AND BUILD ENVIRONMENT
-ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION
-SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT
