Introduction to Cognition and Emotion

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

sensory-neural encoding of incoming physical information

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

transforming and interpreting sensory information to construct meaningful percepts

Question 3

What is cognition?

Answer 3

higher level; information processing and application of knowledge, memory, thinking, internal dialogue, reasoning etc.

Question 4

The frontal lobe processes

Answer 4

planning, execution and regulation of behaviour

Question 5

The temporal lobe processes

Answer 5

audition, language, music, memory, emotion

Question 6

The parietal lobe processes

Answer 6

somatic and visuospatial representations

Question 7

The occipital lobe processes

Answer 7

vision

Question 8

The left hemisphere is specialized for

Answer 8

language

Question 9

The right hemisphere is specialized for

Answer 9

visuospatial functioning

Question 10

What are the 3 Lurian units of the CNS?

Answer 10

1. Regulation of arousal and muscle tone by brainstem & associated areas
2. Reception, integration, and analysis of sensory information by the posterior cortical regions
3. Planning, executing, and verifying behaviour by the frontal and prefrontal lobes

Question 11

What are the 3 posterior Lurian cortical zones?

Answer 11

within parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes:

1. Primary - somatosensory cortex, basic level processing
2. Secondary - integrating information (perception)
3. Tertiary - integrating sensory information across multiple modalities and adding meaning to it with our prior knowledge (cognition)

Question 12

What are the 3 anterior Lurian cortical zones?

Answer 12

Within the frontal lobe:

1. Primary - motor cortex
2. Secondary zone - premotor cortex - processing motor information in movement organization
3. Tertiary - prefrontal cortex, higher level cognition

Question 13

What is pluripotentiality?

Answer 13

each area of the brain operates individually but also in conjunction with other areas; no single area is responsible for voluntary human behaviour and each area may play a specific role in multiple behaviours

Question 14

What is behaviour?

Answer 14

cognition and emotions; what we know about the world/how we think, and how we understand the world through our feelings

Question 15

What is emotion?

Answer 15

an inferred behavioural state that is conscious; subjective feeling that is internal; incorporates conscious feelings and physiological arousal (e.g change in heart rate) and a cognitive component

Question 16

What are the key components of the limbic system?

Answer 16

amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus

Question 17

Lesions to the amygdala result in

Answer 17

tameness/loss of fear

Question 18

Lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex result in

Answer 18

reduced identification and expression of emotion, reduced facial expression and affect

Question 19

Hippocampus is generally related to

Answer 19

memory

Question 20

Cognitive appraisal suggests

Answer 20

cognitive processing is integral to emotional states and directly impacts the physiological stress response - the way you think affects the way you feel, which influences physiological responses