Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 3001 > Introduction to CNS - Kelly 2 > Flashcards

Introduction to CNS - Kelly 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Isolates CNS
Modified endothelial cells with light junctions: lipophilic things can pass, but ionic charged substances can’t
Lack of leakage
Astroglial process and pericytes
Highly lipophilic
BBB can be affected during injury or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuronal systems involved in

A 
Cognitive processing
Memory
Emotional processing
Sensory processing
Motor processing
Autonomic Processing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CNS neurotransmission

A

Depolarization at nerve terminal
Ca enters through channels
Promotes fusion of vesicles with nerve terminal to allow release
NT can be taken back or degraded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensitization of receptors

A

Sustained reduction in NT release or long term use of antagonist
Sensitized response when antagonist is taken away
Up regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Desensitization

A

Sustained blockade of NT reuptake or long term use of agonist
Receptor down-regulation: internalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Important CNS receptors

A

Voltage gates
Ligand-gated ion channels
Membrane delimited metabotropic ion channel
Diffusible second messager metabotropic ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Voltage gages ion channel

A

Ions moved based on what is favourable for voltage of cell
Pore is lined with charged amino acids
Voltage affects aa and they move to expose different areas
Facilitate opening that certain ions can move through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ligand-gated ion channel

A

Inotropic channel

Channel is gated by binding of one, two or more ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diffuse second messager metabotropic ion channel

A

Diffusible messenger activated ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Excitatory membrane potential

A

Reaching AP
Conducted along axons and evoke NT release from nerve terminal
If enough EPSPs, AP will happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inhibitory membrane potential

A

Usually hyper polarizes the cell membrane and inhibits AP formation and can decrease NT release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Long tract cellular organization

A

Messages over long distances
Motor control
Relay, projection neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Local circuit cellular organization

A

Short, modulation
Shape recognition in the optic tract
Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Divergent

A

Widely projecting neurons
Global functioning
Sleep-wake cycles
Diffuse system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CNS neurotransmitters

A 
Amino acids
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
Peptides
Endocannabinoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Criteria for a NT

A

Must be present in a higher concentration in the synapse than in other areas (localized)
Released by electrical or chemical stimulation via Ca-dependent mechanism
Produce a post-synaptic response similar to nerve stimulation (synaptic mimicry)
Mechanism for termination of transmitter action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Amino acids

A

High concentration in the CNS
Potent
Excitatory: glutamate
Inhibitory: GABA, glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glutaminase

A

Converts glutamine to glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glutamate decarboxylase

A

Converts glutamate to GABA

20
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory NT in CNS
Inotropic and metabotropic receptors
Termination by glia uptake, where it is converted to glutamine

21
Q

Inotropic glutamate receptors

A

NMDAR, AMPAR, KAR

22
Q

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

A

mGLUR1

Postsynaptic (Gq) and presynaptic (Gi)

23
Q

NMDAR

A

Very calcium permeable when open
Reenforcement of Ca circuit
Do not like to be opened, at rest blocked by Mg
Need huge depolarization to be activated (summation)
Glu opens AMPAR non-selective ion channels which allows for further depolarization and dissociation of Mg

24
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory
Inotropic (GABAA, Cl) and metabotropic (GABAB, Gq)
Widely expressed
GABAB can be presynaptic
Ligand gated ion channel, binds between 2 subunits of pentameric structure
Allosteric modulators need orthosteric activity
Direct activation of K channel

25
Q

Glycine

A

Inhibitory
Inotropic (Cl)
Limited expression: interneurons in SC and brainstem

26
Q

Acetylcholine

A 
Ionotopic (nicotinic)
Metabotropic (muscarinic)
Excitatory, inhibitory 
Widely expressed
Cognitive functions
Target in treatment of Alzheimers disease
27
Q

Aceyltransferase

A

Convers AcCoA to acetyl choline

28
Q

Muscarinic receptors

A

M1, M3, M5: Gq, increase IP3, DAG, decrease cAMP, gK

M2, M4: ion channel, increase gCa, gK, GNa

29
Q

Monoamines

A

Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin (5-HT)
Derived form aa
Synthesis enzyme/neuron dependent
Small amounts
Complex functions: alertness, consciousness

30
Q

Dopamine

A 
5 known receptors
D1 or D2
Metabotropic
Inhibitory
Diffuse
Target in Parkinson's disease
L-Tyrosine to DOPA to dopamine
Behaviour, drug reenforcement, emesis, hormone release, mood, motor coordination, olfaction
31
Q

Tyrosine hydroxylase

A

Converts L-tyrosine to DOPA

32
Q

L-amino acid decarboxylase

A

Converts DOPA to dopamine

33
Q

D1, D5

A

Excitatory
Gs, Gq
Increase cAMP, IP3, DAG, Ca

34
Q

D2, D3, D4

A

Inhibitory
Gi/o
Decrease cAMP, K, VDCC

35
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic receptors alpha and beta: metabotropic
Excitatory
Diffuse
Attention, arousal
Dopamine converted into norepinephrine by dopamine P hydroxyase
Anxiety, learning, memory, mood, sensory, processing, sleep

36
Q

Dopamine P hydroxylase

A

Converts dopamine to norepinephrine

37
Q

A1 receptor (NE)

A

Gq

Increase IP3, DAG, Ca

38
Q

A2 R (NE)

A

Gi

Decrease cAMP

39
Q

B1, B2 (NE)

A

Gs

Increase cAMP

40
Q

Serotonin

A

15 5-HT receptors (metabotropic) except 5-HT3 which is inotropic
Tend to be inhibitory
Diffuse
Sleep, temperature, appetite, neuroendocrine control
Target in treatment of affective disorders

41
Q

Tryptophan hydroxylase

A

Converts tryptophan to 5-hyroxytryptophan, which is converted to 5-hydroxytryptoamine by LAAD

42
Q

Neuropeptides

A 
Many
Opioids (endorphins, enkephalins)
Pain sensation 
Target of analgesics, drugs of abuse
Metabotropic
Can be released in conjunction with other NTs
Differ from non-peptide transmitters:
1. Synthesized in cell body and transported to nerve ending
2. No reuptake or enzyme degradation
43
Q

Endocannabinoids

A 
Rapidly synthesized and not stored
Act on presynaptic receptors
Cannabinoid receptor 1
Suppress NT release
Memory, cognition, pain perception
44
Q

Endocannabinoid signalling

A

Retrograde messaging
Synthesized by Ca depended enzymes and released from postsynaptic neurons
Signal travels retrogradely across synapse acting CB1R on presynaptic nerve terminal, inhibiting Ca channels
Results in suppression of NT release

45
Q

NO

A

Gas formed from arginine by NO synthase in CNS neurons

May participate in retrograde NT and LTP

46
Q

Leptin/Orexin

A

Hormone modulators formed in hypothalamus

Important in regulation of appetite

47
Q

Purines

A

Adenosine and ATP

activate specific purinergic receptors: evidence that ATP is a cotransmitter

Pharmacology 3001 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions