Introduction To Clinical Sciences

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Acute/chronic tissue injury response

Question 2

Acute inflammation

Answer 2

Infections, hypersensitivity - neutrophils mainly responsible

Question 3

Chronic inflammation

Answer 3

Autoimmunity, recurrent infections - macrophages and lymphocytes mainly responsible

Question 4

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 4

Rubor (redness), Dolor (pain), Calor (heat), Tumor (swelling) and loss of function

Question 5

Stages of inflammation

Answer 5

1) Increased vessel calibre
2) Fluid exudate
3) Cellular exudate

Question 6

Increased vessel calibre

Question 7

Fluid exudate

Question 8

Cellular exudate

Question 9

Stages of neutrophil action in acute inflammation

Answer 9

1) Margination
2) Adhesion
3) Emigration
4) Chemotaxis

Question 10

Margination

Question 11

Adhesion

Question 12

Emigration

Question 13

Chemotaxis

Question 14

Site of inflammation

Answer 14

1) Phagocytosis
2) Phagolysosome + Bacterial killing
3) Macrophages clear debris

Question 15

Outcomes of acute inflammation

Answer 15

1) Resolution (normal)
2) Supporation (pus formation)
3) Organisation (granulation tissue + fibrosis) (cardiac tissue and neurons never resolve and most become this)
4) Progressive (excessive recurrent inflammation - becomes chronic and forms fibrous tissue)