Introduction to Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
It is a branch of laboratory medicine that is concerned with the quantitative measurement of analytes in body fluids to facilitate the diagnosis of diseases.
Clinical Chemistry
What are the analytes?
Proteins
Enzymes
Metabolites
Drugs
Ions
Salts
Minerals
Clinical Chemistry is a _____ Science
Quantitative
Clinical Chemistry is concerned with measurement of amounts of biologically
important substances called _____ in body fluids.
Analaytes
The results that are obtained from such measurements of a Clinical Chemistry Test are compared to reference intervals or an _____ to provide diagnostic and clinical meaning for the values.
Medical Decision Level (MDL)
Clinical Chemistry serves as a _____ because it links the knowledge of General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry with an understanding of Human Physiology
Science
Clinical Chemistry serves as a _____ because it produces objective evidence from which medical decisions may be made
Service
Clinical Chemistry serves as a _____ because clinical laboratories are businesses, which operate under the regulations and practices that guide commerce in the
United States.
Industry
Scope of Clinical Chemistry
Computers
Biochemistry
Instrumentation
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
Immunology
Toxicology
Analytical Chemistry
List down the Core Test done in the Clinical Chemistry Section:
Glucose
Renal Function Test
Liver/Hepatic Function Panel
Lipid Profile
Enzymes
Electrolytes
What is detected on the Glucose Testing in Clinical Chemistry?
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
What is detected on the Renal Function Tests in Clinical Chemistry?
Urea
Creatinine
Uric Acid
What is detected on the Liver/Hepatic Function Panel in Clinical Chemistry?
Bilirubin
Albumin
Total Protein
ALP
AST
ALT
What is detected on the Lipid Profile in Clinical Chemistry?
Total Cholesterol
Triglyceride
HDL
LDL
What test is done to diagnose heart diseases and stroke?
Lipid Profile Test
What is detected on the Enzyme Testing in Clinical Chemistry?
Amylase
Lipase
Creatinine Kinase
What is detected on the Electrolyte Testing in Clinical Chemistry?
Na (Sodium)
K (Potassium)
Cl (Chlorine)
List down the Specialized Test in Clinical Chemistry Section:
Hormones
Specific Proteins
Trace Elements
Vitamins
Drugs
Lipoprotein
What type of test is less frequently performed, cost prohibitive, and is usually sent out to bigger laboratories with strict preparation guideline?
Specialized Test
Example of Metabolites Small Organic Molecules:
Glucose
Cholesterol
Uric Acid
Example of Therapeutic Drugs Small Organic Molecules:
Vancomycin
Theophylline
Digoxin
Example of Toxicology Small Organic Molecules:
Alcohol
Salicylate
Acetaminophen
Example of Drugs of Abuse Small Organic Molecules:
Cocaine
Barbiturates
Amphetamine
Classifications under the Small Organic Molecules:
Metabolites
Therapeutic Drugs
Toxicology
Drugs of Abuse
Classification under Large Molecules:
Transport Proteins
Enzymes
Specific Proteins
Diabetes Marker
Example of Transport Proteins Large Molecules:
Albumin
Transferrin
Haptoglobin
Example of Enzymes Large Molecules:
Lipase
Amylase
Creatinine Kinase
Example of Specific Proteins Large Molecules:
Immunoglobulins
C-reactive Proteins
Complement
Example of Diabetes Marker Large Molecules:
Hemoglobin
A1c
HbA1c
Most common specimen used in the Clinical Chemistry:
Blood
Method of Collection of Blood in Adult
Venipuncture
Method of Collection of Blood in Infants
Heel Prick
Skin Prick
Site of collection of Blood in Adults
Anticubital Fossa
Median - 1st Choice
Cephalic - 2nd Choice
Basilic - 3rd Choice
Site of collection of Blood in Infants
Plantar Heel for Heel Prick