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INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

Chromatography is a physical method that is used to separate and analyse __________
a) Simple mixtures
b) Complex mixtures
c) Viscous mixtures
d) Metals

A

b) Complex mixtures

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2
Q

In which type of chromatography, the stationary phase held in a narrow tube and the mobile phase is forced through it under pressure?
a) Column chromatography
b) Planar chromatography
c) Liquid chromatography
d) Gas chromatography

A

a) Column chromatography

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3
Q

In chromatography, the stationary phase can be ___________ supported on a solid.
a) Solid or liquid
b) Liquid or gas
c) Solid only
d) Liquid only

A

a) Solid or liquid

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4
Q
  1. In chromatography, which of the following can the mobile phase be made of?
    a) Solid or liquid
    b) Liquid or gas
    c) Gas only
    d) Liquid only
A

b) Liquid or gas

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5
Q

Which of the following cannot be used as an adsorbent in Column adsorption chromatography?
a) Magnesium oxide
b) Silica gel
c) Activated alumina
d) Potassium permanganate

A

d) Potassium permanganate

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following types of chromatography involves the separation of substances in a mixture over a 0.2mm thick layer of an adsorbent?
    a) Gas liquid
    b) Column
    c) Thin layer
    d) Paper
A

c) Thin layer

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7
Q
  1. Chromatography cannot be used to purify volatile substances.
    a) True
    b) False
A

b) False

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8
Q

In Column chromatography, the stationary phase is made of _________ and the mobile phase is made of _________
a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

A

a) Solid, liquid

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9
Q

Chromatography cannot be used to separate delicate products.
a) True
b) False

A

b) False

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10
Q

In Thin layer chromatography, the stationary phase is made of _________ and the mobile phase is made of _________
a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

A

a) Solid, liquid

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11
Q

In which of the following type of paper, chromatography does the mobile phase move horizontally over a circular sheet of paper?
a) Ascending paper chromatography
b) Descending paper chromatography
c) Radial paper chromatography
d) Ascending – descending chromatography

A

c) Radial paper chromatography

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12
Q

Liquid chromatography can be performed in which of the following ways?
a) Only in columns
b) Only on plane surfaces
c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces

A

c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces

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13
Q

Gas chromatography can be performed in which of the following ways?
a) Only in columns
b) Only on plane surfaces
c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces

A

a) Only in columns

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14
Q

In Gas-liquid phase chromatography, the stationary phase is composed of _________ and the mobile phase is made of _________
a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

A

c) Liquid, gas

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15
Q

Which of the following types of chromatography involves the process, where the mobile phase moves through the stationary phase by the influence of gravity or capillary action?
a) Column Chromatography
b) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
c) Gas Chromatography
d) Planar Chromatography

A

d) Planar Chromatography

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16
Q

Which of the following steps takes place after injection of feed in Column chromatography?
a) Detection of components
b) Separation in the column
c) Elution from the column
d) Collection of eluted component

A

b) Separation in the column

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17
Q

Components with a strong attraction to the support move more slowly than components with weak attraction.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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18
Q

What happens during the ‘elution from the column’ phase in chromatography?
a) Components with greatest affinity elute first
b) Components with least affinity elute first
c) Components elute in a random manner
d) Components elute according to their concentration in the mixture

A

b) Components with least affinity elute first

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19
Q

In chromatogram, the position of peaks on the time axis can be used to determine which of the following?
a) Components of the sample
b) Amount of component in the sample
c) Column efficiency
d) Column resolution

A

a) Components of the sample

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20
Q

In chromatogram, the area under the peak can be used to determine which of the following?
a) Components of the sample
b) Amount of component in the sample
c) Column efficiency
d) Column resolution

A

b) Amount of component in the sample

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21
Q

The stationary phase could be a viscous liquid coated over a surface of solid particles.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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22
Q

Given below is a diagram of separation of two components of a mixture in a chromatographic column. From the diagram, infer which component has lesser affinity to the stationary phase.
a) W
b) X
c) Y
d) Z

A

c) Y

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23
Q

Using Chromatogram as detector in Chromatography, a graph is obtained between ____________ and time.
a) Quantity
b) Density
c) Concentration
d) Specific gravity

A

c) Concentration

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24
Q

In older analytical methods, which of the following methods were used to allow movement of the mobile phase?
a) Pumps
b) Pressure
c) Gravity
d) Blowing air into the column

A

c) Gravity

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25
Q

Given below is the diagram of ‘Process of chromatographic column’. Identify the unmarked component in the process.

A

a) Reservoir
b) Collection tank
c) Microprocessor
d) Detector

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26
Q

How is the molar concentration of solute in stationary phase related to molar concentration of solute in the mobile phase?
a) Directly proportional
b) Inversely proportional
c) Equal
d) Not related

A

a) Directly proportional

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27
Q

If the value of the distribution constant ‘k’ is one, then what could be inferred about the distribution of solute?
a) Its distribution in stationary phase is greater
b) Its distribution in mobile phase is greater
c) It is equally distributed in stationary and mobile phase
d) It is distributed in a random manner

A

c) It is equally distributed in stationary and mobile phase

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28
Q

The time taken by the analyte after sample injection to reach the detector is called _________
a) Dead time
b) Solute migration rate
c) Adjusted retention time
d) Retention time

A

d) Retention time

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29
Q

The time required for a molecule of the mobile phase to pass through the column is called ___________
a) Dead time
b) Solute migration rate
c) Adjusted retention time
d) Retention time

A

a) Dead time

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30
Q

Adjusted retention time is the remaining retention time after subtracting __________ from ___________
a) Solute migration rate and retention time
b) Retention time and solute migration rate
c) Dead time and retention time
d) Retention time and dead time

A

c) Dead time and retention time

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31
Q

Which of the following is the volume of mobile phase required to make a solute band move from the point of injection through the column to the detector?
a) Dead volume
b) Retention volume
c) Void volume
d) Adjusted retention volume

A

b) Retention volume

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32
Q

Adjusted retention volume is the remaining retention volume after subtracting ___________ from _____________
a) Solute migration rate and retention volume
b) Retention volume and solute migration rate
c) Dead volume and retention volume
d) Retention volume and dead volume

A

c) Dead volume and retention volume

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33
Q

Which of the following is defined as the ratio of moles of solute in stationary phase to the moles of solute in the mobile phase?
a) Distribution constant
b) Volumetric phase ratio
c) Retention factor
d) Total porosity

A

c) Retention factor

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34
Q

Which of the following is the ratio of the interstitial volume of packing to the volume of its total mass?
a) Distribution constant
b) Volumetric phase ratio
c) Retention factor
d) Total porosity

A

d) Total porosity

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35
Q

Which of the following is the ratio of the length of column packing to dead time?
a) Average linear rate of solute migration
b) Average linear rate of mobile migration
c) Relative migration rate
d) Selectivity factor

A

b) Average linear rate of mobile migration

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36
Q

Which of the following is the ratio of a length of column packing to retention time?
a) Average linear rate of solute migration
b) Average linear rate of mobile migration
c) Relative migration rate
d) Selectivity factor

A

a) Average linear rate of solute migration

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37
Q

Retention distance is the distance between point of injection and minimum peak in the recorder or computer generated chart.
a) True
b) False

A

b) False

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38
Q

Retention volume can be obtained by finding the product of which of the following parameters?
a) Dead time and total porosity
b) Retention time and volumetric flow rate
c) Adjusted retention time and volumetric flow rate
d) Retention time and total porosity.

A

b) Retention time and volumetric flow rate

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39
Q

Retention factor is also known as the capacitance factor.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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40
Q

What must be the value of the selectivity factor?
a) Equal to 1
b) Less than 1
c) Greater than 1
d) Greater than 0

A

c) Greater than 1

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41
Q

Which of the following is the distance that the solute moves while undergoing one partition?
a) Retention distance
b) Distribution constant
c) Plate height
d) Column packing length

A

c) Plate height

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42
Q

Which of the following conditions will cause the efficiency of the column to increase?
a) Plate number becomes greater, plate height becomes smaller
b) Plate number becomes smaller, plate height becomes smaller
c) Plate number becomes greater, plate height becomes larger
d) Plate number becomes greater, plate height becomes larger

A

a) Plate number becomes greater, plate height becomes smaller

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43
Q

Which of the following is the expression for Eddy diffusion in the column, if ‘γ’ represents obstruction factor, ‘dp’ represents particle diameter, ‘DM’ represents Solute diffusion co-efficient and ‘λ’ represents function for packing uniformity?
a) λ dM
b) 2 γ DM
c) DM γ
d) λ/dM

A

a) λ dM

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44
Q

Which of the following is the expression for longitudinal diffusion in the column, if ‘γ’ represents obstruction factor, ‘dM’ represents particle diameter, ‘DM’ represents Solute diffusion co-efficient and ‘λ’ represents function for packing uniformity?
a) λ dM
b) 2 γ DM
c) DM γ
d) λ/dM

A

b) 2 γ DM

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45
Q

In gas-liquid chromatography, when films are used in the interior of the capillary column, then what is the value of Eddy diffusion?
a) Greater than 1
b) Less than 1
c) Zero
d) Less than zero

A

c) Zero

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46
Q

For an unpacked coated capillary column, the obstruction factor takes which of the following values?
a) 0
b) 0.6
c) 1
d) 1.6

A

c) 1

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47
Q

Base line resolution is achieved when degree of resolution/separation is ______
a) 1
b) 0
c) 0.5
d) 1.5

A

d) 1.5

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48
Q

Which of the following equations give the expression for plate number, N when ‘tR’ is the adjusted retention time and ‘Wb’ is the width at the base of the peak which is equal to 4 standard deviations.
a) 16 tR2/Wb
b) 4 tR2/Wb
c) (4tR/Wb)2
d) 4 (tR/Wb)2

A

c) (4tR/Wb)2

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49
Q

It is more difficult to measure the width at half peak height than the base width in the detector output.
a) True
b) False

A

b) False

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50
Q

The solute, while moving in the column is always in equilibrium with both the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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51
Q

For the separation of which of the following substances, Gas-solid chromatography is being used?
a) Thermally stable organic components
b) Volatile organic components
c) Thermally stable inorganic components
d) Low molecular weight gaseous species

A

d) Low molecular weight gaseous species

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51
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of carrier gas used in gas chromatography?
a) It must be chemically inert
b) It should be suitable for the detector employed
c) It should not be completely pure
d) It should be cheap

A

c) It should not be completely pure

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51
Q

Which of the following is the disadvantage of hydrogen, which can be used as carrier gas in gas chromatography?
a) Dangerous to use
b) Expensive
c) Reduced sensitivity
d) High density

A

a) Dangerous to use

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51
Q

Which of the following is the disadvantage of helium, which can be used as carrier gas in gas chromatography?
a) Dangerous to use
b) Expensive
c) Reduced sensitivity
d) High density

A

b) Expensive

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51
Q

Which of the following is the disadvantage of nitrogen, which can be used as carrier gas in gas chromatography?
a) Dangerous to use
b) Expensive
c) Reduced sensitivity
d) High density

A

c) Reduced sensitivity

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51
Q

Slow injection of large samples leads to band broadening and loss of resolution.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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51
Q

In which of the following methods are liquid samples injected into the column in gas chromatography?
a) Gas tight syringe
b) Micro-syringe
c) Rotary sample valve
d) Solid injection syringes

A

b) Micro-syringe

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51
Q

What must be done to the solid samples for it to be introduced into the column without using solid injection syringes in gas chromatography?
a) Introduced in hot-zone of the column
b) Dissolved in volatile liquids
c) Introduced using rotary sample valve
d) Introduced using sampling loops

A

b) Dissolved in volatile liquids

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51
Q

Which of the following is the commonly used support material for the packed column in gas chromatography?
a) Glass
b) Metal
c) Diatomaceous earth
d) Stainless steel

A

c) Diatomaceous earth

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52
Q

Which of the following is the advantage of a straight packed column?
a) It can be packed uniformly
b) It can be repacked easily
c) It is compact
d) It is easier to heat it evenly

A

c) It is compact

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53
Q

Which of the following is the disadvantage of coiled or helical shaped packed chromatographic column?
a) It cannot be packed uniformly
b) It cannot be repacked easily
c) It is not compact
d) It is not easy to heat it evenly

A

b) It cannot be repacked easily

54
Q

Capillary columns are open tubular columns constructed from which of the following materials?
a) Glass
b) Metal
c) Stainless steel
d) Fused silica

A

d) Fused silica

55
Q

Sample injection port must be maintained at a temperature at which rapid vapourisation occurs but thermal degradation does not occur.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

56
Q

Which of the following is not a desirable feature of the ovens used in gas chromatography?
a) It must have a fast rate of heating
b) Power consumption should be kept low
c) It must have maximum thermal gradients
d) It should have proper insulation

A

c) It must have maximum thermal gradients

57
Q

Given below is the block diagram of gas chromatography. Identify the unmarked component.

A

a) Pumping system
b) Pressure regulator
c) Flow regulator
d) Sample injection system

58
Q
  1. Which of the following is not an ideal characteristic of a detector used in gas chromatography?
    a) Linear response to the solutes
    b) Short response time
    c) High reliability
    d) Sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas
A

d) Sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas

59
Q

Which of the following is not a type of detector used in gas chromatography?
a) Argon ionisation detector
b) Thermal conductivity detector
c) UV visible spectrometric detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

c) UV visible spectrometric detector

60
Q

Which of the following detectors have high sensitivity to all organic compounds?
a) Sulphur chemiluminescense detector
b) Thermionic emission detector
c) Flame ionization detector
d) Argon ionisation detector

A

c) Flame ionization detector

61
Q

Which of the following is not the advantage of thermal conductivity detector used in gas chromatography?
a) Simple in construction
b) High sensitivity
c) Large linear dynamic range
d) Non-destructive character

A

b) High sensitivity

62
Q

Which of the following detectors is widely used to detect environmental samples like chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls?
a) Flame ionization detector
b) Thermal conductivity detector
c) Argon ionisation detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

d) Electron capture detector

63
Q

In which of the following detector is the eluent mixed with hydrogen and burned and then mixed with ozone and its intensity is measured?
a) Sulphur chemiluminescense detector
b) Thermal conductivity detector
c) Flame ionization detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

a) Sulphur chemiluminescense detector

64
Q

Filter photometer detector is primarily responsive to which of the following compounds/elements?
a) Volatile sulphur or phosphorous compounds
b) Nitrogen
c) Halogen
d) Potassium

A

a) Volatile sulphur or phosphorous compounds

65
Q

Which of the following detector uses ultraviolet radiation from lamps to produce ionisation of solute molecules?
a) Sulphur chemiluminescense detector
b) Thermal conductivity detector
c) Photo ionization detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

c) Photo ionization detector

66
Q

Flame ionisation detector is also known as Katharometer.
a) True
b) False

A

b) False

67
Q

Thermionic emission detector used in gas chromatography is most sensitive to which of the following elements?
a) Nitrogen
b) Phosphorous
c) Halogen
d) Carbon

A

b) Phosphorous

68
Q

Which of the following detectors has a non-volatile bead of rubidium silicate placed above the flame tip?
a) Argon ionisation detector
b) Thermionic emission detector
c) Flame ionization detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

b) Thermionic emission detector

69
Q

In which of the following detectors, the carrier gas is excited by a radioactive source and the atoms of carrier gas are excited to a metastable state?
a) Argon ionisation detector
b) Thermionic emission detector
c) Flame ionization detector
d) Electron capture detector

A

a) Argon ionisation detector

70
Q

Which of the following is not used as a heating element in a Thermal conductivity detector?
a) Platinum
b) Gold
c) Graphite
d) Tungsten wire

A

c) Graphite

71
Q

Electron capture detector is much less susceptible to contamination when nickel is used instead of tritium.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

72
Q

Given below is a diagram of electron capture detector. Identify the unmarked component in the diagram.
a) Glass shield
b) Electrode
c) Quartz shield
d) Radioactive β- emitter

A

d) Radioactive β- emitter

73
Q
  1. Gas-solid chromatography is based on which of the following processes?
    a) Partition of the analyte between a gaseous mobile phase and a stationary liquid phase
    b) Adsorption of gaseous substances on solid surface
    c) Ion exchange
    d) Large molecules cannot penetrate through the gel
A

b) Adsorption of gaseous substances on solid surface

74
Q
  1. Which of the following components cannot be retained by gas-liquid columns but can be separated by using gas-solid chromatography?
    a) Formaldehyde
    b) Hydrogen sulphide
    c) Benzene
    d) Carbon dioxide
A

b) Hydrogen sulphide

75
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage of gas-solid chromatography?
a) Increased column life
b) Can be used for separation of rare gases
c) Leads to semi-permanent retention of the analyte
d) Ability to retain some components that cannot be easily retained by other gas chromatography method

A

c) Leads to semi-permanent retention of the analyte

76
Q

The distribution coefficients of Gas-solid chromatography are greater than that of Gas-liquid chromatography.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

77
Q

Which of the following columns can be used in Gas-solid chromatography?
a) Open tubular column
b) Analytical column
c) Separation column
d) Guard column

A

a) Open tubular column

78
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage for the conversion of packed columns into wide bore capillaries?
a) Longer retention times
b) Longer life
c) Higher efficiency
d) Greater inertness

A

a) Longer retention times

79
Q

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of gas-solid chromatography?
a) Strong retention of polar solutes
b) Lifetime is short
c) Occurrence of catalytic changes
d) Cannot be used for very wide range of components

A

b) Lifetime is short

80
Q

Gas-solid chromatography can be used only for separation of certain low molecular weight gaseous species.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

81
Q

Which of the following is a special adsorbent used in gas-solid chromatography?
a) Molecular sieves
b) Silica gel
c) Alumina
d) Starch

A

a) Molecular sieves

82
Q

Which of the following properties of molecular sieves make it ideal for exclusion mechanism of separation?
a) High thermal stability
b) Large inner surface area
c) Variable framework charge
d) Ability to distinguish materials on the basis of their size

A

d) Ability to distinguish materials on the basis of their size

83
Q

Which of the following is the disadvantage of reciprocating pump used in liquid chromatography?
a) Produces pulsed flow
b) Corrosive components
c) Does not have small hold-up value
d) Does not have moderate flow rate

A

a) Produces pulsed flow

84
Q

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of Pneumatic pumps used in liquid chromatography?
a) Pulsed output
b) Dependent on solvent viscosity
c) Dependent on back pressure
d) Inconvenient for solvent gradient elution

A

a) Pulsed output

85
Q

Which of the following is not a desired characteristic of pulse dampers or flow smootheners used in liquid chromatography?
a) Easy mobile phase change over
b) Constant flow must be maintained
c) Should be effective at low system pressure
d) Maximal dead volume

A

d) Maximal dead volume

86
Q

Which of the following will improve the efficiency of the separation process in liquid chromatography?
a) Increase in sample size, increase in column diameter
b) Reduction in sample size, increase in column diameter
c) Increase in sample size, reduction in column diameter
d) Reduction in sample size, reduction in column diameter

A

d) Reduction in sample size, reduction in column diameter

87
Q

Which of the following are the practical problems that arise due to the decrease in column diameter?
a) Requirement of large particle size and high pressure drop
b) Requirement of large particle size and low pressure drop
c) Requirement of small particle size and high pressure drop
d) Requirement of small particle size and low pressure drop

A

c) Requirement of small particle size and high pressure drop

88
Q

Which of the following is not true about the guard column used in liquid chromatography?
a) It filters particles that clog the separation column
b) It extends the lifetime of separation column
c) It allows particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile phase
d) The size of packing varies with the type of protection needed

A

c) It allows particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile phase

89
Q

Which of the following columns are not used in liquid or high performance liquid chromatography?
a) Analytical column
b) Separation column
c) Guard column
d) Capillary column

A

d) Capillary column

90
Q

Which of the following is not a Column-type Liquid chromatography?
a) Gel permeation
b) Ion exchange
c) Liquid-solid
d) Paper

A

d) Paper

91
Q

Which of the following is not true about the radial compression column when compared to standard separation column?
a) Internal diameter decreases
b) Overall operating pressure decreases
c) Analysis time decreases
d) Solvent flow increases

A

a) Internal diameter decreases

92
Q

Which of the following is not true about narrow bore column when compared to standard columns?
a) Internal diameter decreases
b) Volumetric flow decreases
c) Solvent cost is saved
d) Detector response time increases

A

d) Detector response time increases

93
Q

Which of the following types of liquid chromatography uses immobilized biochemical as a stationary phase?
a) Ion exchange chromatography
b) Exclusion chromatography
c) Affinity chromatography
d) Gel permeation chromatography

A

c) Affinity chromatography

94
Q

Which of the following is not true about High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
a) It requires high pressure for the separation of the specious
b) There is no need to vaporise the samples
c) It is performed in columns
d) It has high sensitivity

A

b) There is no need to vaporise the samples

95
Q

High pressure liquid chromatography can be performed only in columns.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

96
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage of Syringe type pumps used in High pressure liquid chromatography?
a) Independent of viscosity
b) Pulse-less flow
c) High pressure capability
d) Unlimited solvent capacity

A

d) Unlimited solvent capacity

97
Q

Which of the following is not true about solvent programming which is done in high performance liquid chromatography?
a) It provides unequal bandwidths
b) It provides fast overall separation
c) It provides maximum resolution
d) It provides maximum sensitivity

A

a) It provides unequal bandwidths

98
Q

Which of the following pulse damper takes up some amount of the pulsation energy which is released to provide smooth pressure without pulsations?
a) Flexible bellows or compressible gas passed through tee columns
b) Flexible inert diaphragm
c) Electronic pulse damper
d) Electrical pulse damper

A

a) Flexible bellows or compressible gas passed through tee columns

99
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the syringe pump used in high pressure liquid chromatography?
a) Pressure capability is high
b) Maintenance is frequent
c) Limited reservoir capability
d) Slight change of flow rate when extremely high pressure compresses the solvent

A

b) Maintenance is frequent

100
Q

Syringe pumps used in High pressure liquid chromatography are most suitable for which of the following columns?
a) Capillary columns
b) Guard columns
c) Short-fast columns
d) Small bore columns

A

d) Small bore columns

101
Q

Gravity feed method for solvent delivery is not used with narrow bore columns packed with fine mesh particles.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

102
Q

Which of the following cannot be done to reduce ripple in High pressure liquid chromatography?
a) Using bellows
b) Using restrictors
c) Using long nylon tube between pump and column
d) Avoiding the use of the solvent pump

A

d) Avoiding the use of the solvent pump

103
Q

Which of the following is not true about Hydraulic capacitance flow control system used in HPLC?
a) It can be used only for liquids with low viscosity
b) It is irrespective of solvent compressibility
c) It maintains a constant flow
d) It smoothens high pressure pump pulsations

A

a) It can be used only for liquids with low viscosity

104
Q

The principle on which thin layer chromatography is based is that the ____________
a) Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to different degrees
b) Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees
c) Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees
d) Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees

A

c) Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees

105
Q

The size of a thin layer of adsorbent is about ____________
a) 0.1 mm
b) 0.2 mm
c) 0.3 mm
d) 0.4 mm

A

b) 0.2 mm

106
Q

The chromaplate or thin layer chromatography plate is made up of ____________
a) Glass
b) Wood
c) Fibre
d) Metal

A

a) Glass

107
Q

The eluant filled in the closed jar is ____________
a) Mixture of gases
b) Mixture of a liquid and a gas
c) Mixture of solids
d) Mixture of liquids

A

d) Mixture of liquids

108
Q

Select the incorrect statement from the following options.
a) The spots of colorless compounds are invisible to the eyes
b) These spots can be detected by putting the plate under ultraviolet light
c) These spots can be detected by placing the plate in a covered jar containing iodine crystals
d) None of the mentioned

A

d) None of the mentioned

109
Q

The relative adsorption of each component of the mixture is expressed in terms of its ____________
a) Acceleration factor
b) Retardation factor
c) Both acceleration and retardation factor
d) None of the mentioned

A

b) Retardation factor

110
Q

Select the correct statement from the following.
a) Paper chromatography is a type of partition chromatography
b) A special quality paper is used in paper chromatography
c) Chromatography paper contains water trapped in it, which acts as stationary phase
d) All of the mentioned

A

d) All of the mentioned

111
Q

Amino acids detected by spraying the plate with ninhydrin solution is an example of ____________
a) Column chromatography
b) Thin layer chromatography
c) Paper chromatography
d) Liquid chromatography

A

c) Paper chromatography

112
Q

Paper chromatography is based on continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture between stationary and mobile phases.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

113
Q

Retardation factor is the ratio of ____________
a) Distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line
b) Distance moved by solvent from base line to distance moved by the substance from base line
c) Distance moved by substance from top line to distance moved by the solvent from top line
d) Distance moved by solvent from top line to distance moved by the substance from top line

A

a) Distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line

114
Q

Chromatography is the process for identification, purification and separation of components of a mixture on the basis of ____________
a) Difference in their boiling point
b) Difference in their melting point
c) Difference in their affinity for mobile and stationary phase
d) Difference in their solubility

A

c) Difference in their affinity for mobile and stationary phase

115
Q

Chromatography involves two mutually ____________
a) Immiscible phases
b) Miscible phases
c) Soluble phases
d) None of the mentioned

A

a) Immiscible phases

116
Q

There is no need of support if packed into a column when the stationary phase is ____________
a) Gas
b) Liquid
c) Solid
d) None of the mentioned

A

c) Solid

117
Q

Which of the following is not a stationary phase?
a) Liquid-liquid chromatography
b) Gas-liquid chromatography
c) Gas-solid chromatography
d) Solid-solid chromatography

A

d) Solid-solid chromatography

118
Q

Liquid chromatography is a technique for separating ____________
a) Ions that are not dissolved in a solvent
b) Ions that are dissolved in a solvent
c) Ions that are dissolved in a solute
d) All of the mentioned

A

b) Ions that are dissolved in a solvent

119
Q

In exclusion chromatography, solute molecules are separated based on ____________
a) Molecular geometry and size
b) Molecular composition
c) Molecular phase
d) Molecular formula

A

a) Molecular geometry and size

120
Q

The gas-solid chromatography is ______________ chromatography as per basic principle involved.
a) Exclusion
b) Ion-exchange
c) Adsorption
d) Absorption

A

c) Adsorption

121
Q

A proper solvent that is passed through the column for elution so that separated components can be collected is called ____________
a) Adsorbent
b) Buffer solution
c) Mobile phase
d) None of the mentioned

A

b) Buffer solution

122
Q

The relative solubility of solute in both the phases determines the ____________
a) Rate of movement of solvent
b) Rate of disappearance of solvent
c) Rate of movement of solute
d) Rate of disappearance of solute

A

c) Rate of movement of solute

123
Q

If the mobile phase is gas, movement of solute is determined by its ____________
a) Boiling point
b) Melting point
c) Solubility
d) Volatility

A

d) Volatility

124
Q

Column chromatography is based on the principle of _______________
a) Ion-exchange
b) Exclusion principle
c) Differential adsorption
d) Absorption

A

c) Differential adsorption

125
Q

Arrange the following compounds in order of their increasing adsorption
tendencies.
a) Cellulose&raquo_space; starch&raquo_space; calcium carbonate&raquo_space; alumina
b) Cellulose&raquo_space; starch&raquo_space; alumina&raquo_space; charcoal
c) Charcoal&raquo_space; cellulose&raquo_space; alumina&raquo_space; starch
d) Calcium carbonate&raquo_space;; alumina&raquo_space; starch&raquo_space; cellulose

A

a) Cellulose&raquo_space; starch&raquo_space; calcium carbonate&raquo_space; alumina

126
Q

What is the factor responsible for the separation in column chromatography?
a) Polarity differences between the solvent
b) Polarity differences between the solute
c) Polarity indifference between the solvent
d) Polarity indifference between the solute

A

b) Polarity differences between the solute

127
Q

Select the correct statement from the following options.
a) The lesser the polarity of solute, more strongly it will be adsorbed on a polar
surface
b) The greater the polarity of solute, more weakly it will be adsorbed on a polar
surface
c) The greater the polarity of solute, more strongly it will be adsorbed on a polar
surface
d) All of the mentioned option

A

c) The greater the polarity of solute, more strongly it will be adsorbed on a polar
surface

128
Q

The correct order of increasing strength of adsorption is ____________
a) Alkanes&raquo_space; Esters&raquo_space; Aldehydes&raquo_space; Phenols&raquo_space; Ketones
b) Aldehydes&raquo_space; Phenols&raquo_space; Ketones&raquo_space; Esters&raquo_space; Alkanes
c) Aldehydes&raquo_space; Ketones&raquo_space; Esters&raquo_space; Alkanes&raquo_space; Phenols
d) Alkanes&raquo_space; Esters&raquo_space; Ketones&raquo_space; Aldehydes&raquo_space; Phenols

A

d) Alkanes&raquo_space; Esters&raquo_space; Ketones&raquo_space; Aldehydes&raquo_space; Phenols

129
Q

The components of the mixture in column chromatography are eluted in order of
____________
a) Increasing polarity and decreasing distribution ratio
b) Increasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio
c) Decreasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio
d) Decreasing polarity and decreasing distribution ratio

A

b) Increasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio

130
Q

The elution power of a solvent is determined by ____________
a) Its overall polarity
b) The polarity of the stationary phase
c) The nature of the sample components
d) All of the mentioned

A

d) All of the mentioned

131
Q

Which of the following is separated through column chromatography?
a) Chlorophyll and carotenoids
b) Inorganic cations or complexes
c) Sugar derivatives
d) Amino acids formed by hydrolysis of a protein molecule

A

a) Chlorophyll and carotenoids

132
Q

The mixture of petroleum ether and benzene is used in the elution ratio of
____________
a) 1 : 2
b) 1 : 5
c) 1 : 9
d) 1 : 12

A

c) 1 : 9

133
Q

.Chloroform fraction is eluted from the column by passing chloroform through the
column which acts as ____________
a) Eluter
b) Eluant
c) Elution
d) None of the mentioned option

A

c) Elution

134
Q

What are the uses of partition chromatography?
a) Separation of amino acids
b) Analysis of closely related aliphatic alcohols
c) Separation of sugar derivatives
d) All of the mentioned

A

d) All of the mentioned

135
Q

Which type of chromatography is used for the structural analysis?
a) Column chromatography
b) Paper chromatography
c) Partition chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography

A

b) Paper chromatography

136
Q

Which of the following is not done using column chromatography?
a) The identification of unknown compounds
b) The determination of homogeneity of chemical substances
c) Separation of inorganic cations or complexes
d) Separation of geometric isomers

A

c) Separation of inorganic cations or complexes

137
Q

Affinity chromatography is used for the analysis and isolation of ____________
a) Insoluble starch substances
b) Enzyme tyrosinase
c) Antibodies bound with a covalently-attached antigen on cellulose column
d) All of the mentioned

A

d) All of the mentioned

138
Q

Purification of enzymes and proteins is done using ____________
a) Affinity chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Column chromatography
d) Thin layer chromatography

A

a) Affinity chromatography

139
Q

Which of the following is not an application of high performance liquid
chromatography?
a) Analysis of proteins, drugs and explosives
b) Separation of pharmaceutical drugs
c) Elimination of undesirable substances from blood
d) Separation of lipids, fatty acids and steroids

A

c) Elimination of undesirable

140
Q

The checking of purity of samples is the application of thin layer chromatography.
a) True
b) False

A

a) True

141
Q

The analysis and separation of industrial products like soap and synthetic
detergents is done using ____________
a) Thin layer chromatography
b) Gas chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Partition chromatography

A

b) Gas chromatography

142
Q

Which of the following is the application of ion exchange chromatography?
a) The softening of hard water
b) The demineralisation of water
c) The separation and determination of anions
d) All of the mentioned

A

d) All of the mentioned

143
Q

The quantitative analysis is done using ____________
a) Ion exchange chromatography
b) Thin layer chromatography
c) Gas chromatography
d) Liquid chromatography

A

c) Gas chromatography

C (1 decks)

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