Introduction to Chemotherapeutics Flashcards
What are some examples of commonly used cytotoxic agents for lymphoma?
vincristine, doxorubicin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide
Give examples of targeted chemotherapeutic therapies
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for mast cell tumours in dogs
Monoclonal antibodies vs specific tumour antigens
Which cytotoxic drugs are cell cycle non-specific?
doxorubicin
cyclophosphamide
lomustine
chlorambucil
Which cytotoxic drugs are cell cycle specific?
vincristine
vinblastine
cytarabine
What is the mode of action of alkylating agents?
Alkyl group binds to and cross links DNA
Give examples of alkylating agents
chlorambucil
cyclophosphamide
lomustine
melphalan
What is the clinical use of alkylating agent - chlorambucil
low grade lymphoma (cats)
immune mediated diseases
What is the clinical use of alkylating agent - cyclophosphamide?
lymphoma
haemangiosarcoma
metronomic chemotherapy
What is the clinical use of alkylating agent - lomustine?
lymphoma
mast cell tumour
What is the clinical use of alkylating agent - melphalan?
myeloma
What are the adverse effects of alkylating agents?
Myelosuppression
GI signs
Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide)
Hepatotoxicity (lomustine)
What is the mode of action of plant alkaloids?
bind to tubulin cells and disrupt mitotic spindle
Give examples of plant alkaloids
Vincristine
Vinblastine
What is the clinical use of plant alkaloid - vincristine?
Lymphoma, leukaemia
What is the clinical use of plant alkaloid - vinblastine?
mast cell tumour
What are the adverse effects of plant alkaloids?
GI signs
Myelosuppression
Irritant if leaks from vein
Peripheral neuropathy
What is the mode of action of anti metabolites?
Inhibit use of cell metabolites used in growth and cell division
Give an example of an anti metabolite
Cytarabine
What is the clinical use of the anti metabolite cytrabine?
Lymphoma with CNS involvement
What are the adverse effects of anti metabolites?
Myelosuppression
GI signs
Alopecia
Hepatotoxicity
What is the mode of action of anti-tumour antibiotics?
Inhibit topoisomerase-II causing breakage of DNA and cell death; forms free radicals
What are examples of anti-tumour antibiotics?
Doxorubicin
Mitoxantrone
What is the clinical use of anti-tumour antibiotic - doxorubicin?
lymphoma
haemangiosarcoma
What is the clinical use of anti-tumour antibiotic - mitoxantrone?
lymphoma
haemangiosarcoma
