Introduction to Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
What does saturated mean?
Contains single carbon - carbon atoms only.
What does unsaturated mean?
Contains a C=C double bond.
What is molecular formula?
The formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom.
e.g. CH 4
What is empirical formula?
Shows the simplest whole number of ratio of atoms in each element in the compound.
e.g. CH4
What is general formula?
algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n
What is structural formula?
shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule,eg for butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3,
What is displayed formula?
shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule.
What is skeletal formula?
shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
What is a homologous series?
A set of compounds that have the same functional group, they also have similar properties.
What is general formula?
A formula that gives an equation for the molecular formulae of all compounds in a homologous series.
What is the name stem ?
1 carbon = meth
2 carbons = eth
3 carbons = prop
4 carbons = but
5 carbons = pent
What is the name end?
Carboxylic acid = ___noic acid
Ketone = ___one
Alcohol = ___ol
Aldehyde = ___al
What do we add to the name if there are rings involved?
Add cyclo at the start of the name
Do branched alkanes have low or high boiling points?
They have lower boiling points
