Introduction To Cells & Tissues Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
What do lysosomes contain and what is their function?
What do lysosomes contain and what is their function?
What do lysosomes contain and what is their function?
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell.
What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and calcium storage and lacks ribosomes, while rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.
What does the cell membrane control?
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the structure of the plasma membrane based on?
The plasma membrane is based on the fluid mosaic model, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
What role does cholesterol play in the cell membrane?
Cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane.
What are transmembrane proteins, and what do they do?
Transmembrane proteins act as receptors, channels, and transporters across the cell membrane.
What functions do peripheral proteins have?
Peripheral proteins are involved in cell signaling and adhesion.
What are the three things a cell can do?
Cells can specialize, divide, and die.
What are the three subcategories of cell types during specialization?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.
What are the three subcategories of cell types during specialization?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.
What cell types are derived from the ectoderm?
Epidermis (skin cells), corneal cells, nervous system cells, tooth enamel, and lining of the mouth and anus.
What cell types are derived from the mesoderm?
Bone cells, muscle cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, mesothelial cells, and blood cells.
What cell types are derived from the endoderm?
Cells lining the digestive and respiratory tracts, bladder, liver, pancreas, and thymus.
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
Gap 1 (G1), S Phase (DNA replication), Gap 2 (G2), Mitosis, and Gap 0 (resting stage).
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is programmed, regulated cell death that occurs without harming surrounding cells.
What is necrosis?
Necrosis is unregulated cell death, often due to injury, causing inflammation and harm to nearby tissues.
What is hyperplasia?
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells, which can occur physiologically or pathologically.
What is hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size.
What is metaplasia?
Metaplasia is the transformation of one type of cell into another, often in response to stress and potentially increasing cancer risk.
What is metaplasia?
Metaplasia is the transformation of one type of cell into another, often in response to stress and potentially increasing cancer risk.
What happens during the S Phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication occurs during the S Phase.
What cell types are found in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.
