Introduction to Cells Flashcards
what are the basic units of all living organisms?
Cells
What are some basic processes that are common to all cell types?
cell metabolism, transport of substances, communication, and cell reproduction.
The chemical reactions that a cell carries out to maintain life is called?
Cell Metabolism
Metabolic reactions include different types of reactions such as?
Anabolic, Catabolic, and oxidation-reduction reactions.
ana-
up
cata-
down
oxide
a compound of oxygen and another chemical element.
ation-
action or process
Anabolic reactions build what?
They build reactions producing macromolecules.
catabolic reactions break down what?
Connection: Digestion
Breaks down macromolecules into smaller compounds.
Since anabolic reactions build reactions producing macromolecules, what are those reactions? (4)
Polysaccharide, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid synthesis.
Some catabolic reactions are required to degrade old and worn-out…?
Other catabolic reactions break down nutrients such as? (2)
Cellular components
Carbohydrates and lipids
What can oxidation-reduction reactions do?
Basically, they can use the glucose from what we ate and turn it into fuel for our cells ATP.
what can the basic process of the cell, transport of substances do?
They can transport compounds to another location of the cell and they can release the compounds out of the cell.
How do cells communicate?
chemical and electrical signals
Many cell types in the body can reproduce themselves through a process called
cell division
what can cell division do?
cell division can replace old and damaged cells and they are used for growth and development.
Cell reproduction is just
cell division
Most animal cells have three basic components such as?
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.
Surrounding each cell is a “fence” called the
plasma membrane
what are the 4 several functions of the plasma membrane.
structral support, communication with other cells, regulation of transport into and out of the cell, and cell identification.
the main purpose of the plasma membrane is to phsically isolate the cell from its
surroundings
The body contains 2 fluid compartments which is the
interacellular and extracellular space
intra-
within
extra-
outside
intracellular space
the space within our cells that contains either the cytosol or intracellular fluid.
extracellular space
the space outside our cells that contains extracellular fluid.
what is the reason why the plasma membrane forms a barrier between the ECF and the cytosol?
it allows to control what?
Synonyms: Cytosol= ICF
because it alows it control the composition of the cytosol.
Synonym for Cytosol
Intracellular Fluid
Inside the plasma membrane is the
cytoplasm
What are the 3 things that the cytoplasm contains?
Cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton
What is the fluid portion of the cytoplam?
watery gel with many proteins, RNA, & dissolved solutes
hint: it is the synonym for ICF
cytosol
What are the 3 things that takes place in the cytosol?
protein synthesis, glycolysis, and storage
In a Cytosol, we find clusters of storage bodies called?
cells in the liver and skeletal muscle have blank that contain glycogen
inclusions
