Introduction to Cell Bio, Cellular Organization and Organelles

Question 1

What are the main elements from most common to least common? (6)

Answer 1

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur

Question 2

Why is calcium an important trace mineral?

Answer 2

important as secondary messenger, critical for bone development

Question 3

Carbohydrate Ratio (carbon: hydrogen: oxygen)

Answer 3

1:2:1

Question 4

What bond joins monosaccharides together in CHOs?

Answer 4

glycosidic bonds

Question 5

4 parts of an amino acid

Answer 5

alpha carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Question 6

Basic cellular components (6)

Answer 6

water, inorganic ions, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 7

What effects does dehydration have on the body? (6)

Answer 7

plasma volume decreases
serum albumin levels increase
intracellular calcium rise and remain elevated
reduced cardiac output
fluctuations in renal perfusion
accumulation of “compounds” in renal tubules leading to renal failure

Question 8

How does the cell maintain a charge gradient?

Answer 8

by regulating the Na and K ions inside the cell using protein pumps and ATP for energy

Question 9

Functions of lipids (4)

Answer 9

Storage of chemical energy
Form the framework of the cell membrane
Play a role in cell signalling
Act to confer cellular information as extracellular hormones

Question 10

Functions of cholesterol (2)

Answer 10

Aids in making the cell membrane less/more permeable

Plays a role in membrane fluidity

Question 11

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 11

Storage of chemical energy
Essential components in nucleotides
Form cell walls and connective tissues

Question 12

3 basic parts of the nucleotide

Answer 12

Base: made of one or two cyclic rings
Five carbon sugar
One or more phosphate groups

Question 13

A nitrogenous base, together with a 5 carbon sugar

Answer 13

nucleoside

Question 14

a nucleoside becomes a _________ after the addition of one or more phosphates

Answer 14

nucleotide

Question 15

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells (5)

Answer 15

Nucleus
Organelles contain membranes
Linear DNA
DNA complexed with histones
Capped mRNA

Question 16

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Answer 16

No nucleus
Organelles do not possess their own membrane
Circular DNA
No histones
Non-capped mRNA