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Bridge Engineering lec > INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING Flashcards

1
Q

a structure built to span physical obstacles such as bodies of water, valleys and roads

A

BRIDGE

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2
Q

PURPOSE of BRIDGE

A

Provide passage over an obstacle

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3
Q

BRIDGE is a KEY element in a TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM for 3 reasons:

A

❖ Controls capacity
❖ Cost per mile is expensive
❖ If bridge fails, transportation system fails

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4
Q

✓ through volume and weight
✓ insufficient carriage width
❖ cause constriction to traffic flow
✓ Strength deficiency
❖ unable to carry heavy loads (i.e. trucks)
❖ Load limits will cause rerouting of truck traffic

A

controls capacity

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5
Q

❖A major investment
✓ Planned carefully for best used of funds
❖Cost is high compared to approach roadways

A

expensive cost per mile

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6
Q

❖ When removed or not repaired/ replaced, the transportation system is restricted of its function

A

if the bridge fails, the transportation system fails

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7
Q

A structural system that is always exposed

A

BRIDGE

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8
Q

❑MAJOR CONCERNS for Design:

A

✓ temperature (thermal effect)
✓ Durability (strength)
✓ Cost (inspection and maintenance)

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9
Q

always subjected to large moving and repetitive loads

A

BRIDGE

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10
Q

_________ is a primary concern
✓ accumulates damage
✓ results in cracking

A

Fatigue

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11
Q

BRIDGE ENGINEERING is A field of (structural) engineering that deals with

A

❑ Surveying
❑ Plan, design, analysis
❑ Construction, management and
❑ Maintenance of bridges

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12
Q

Bridge Engineers MUST ensure that their designs satisfy given design standard, being responsible to ______________________

A

structural safety and serviceability

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13
Q

Civil engineering disciplines involved in BRIDGE ENGINEERING:

A

❑ HIGHWAY DESIGN
❑ STRUCTURAL DESIGN
❑ GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
❑ HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
❑ SURVEYING AND MAPPING

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14
Q

For the overpass and underpass alignment and geometry

A

HIGHWAY DESIGN

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15
Q

For the superstructure and substructure elements

A

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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16
Q

For pier and abutment foundations

A

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

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17
Q

For proper bridge span length and drainage of bridge site

A

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

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18
Q

For layout and grading of proposed site

A

SURVEYING AND MAPPING

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19
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE Based on Span Length:

A
  1. Short Span Bridge
  2. Medium Span Bridge
  3. Long Span Bridge
    ** CULVERT BRIDGE
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20
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE based on structural form:

A
  1. ARCH BRIDGE
  2. TRUSS BRIDGE
  3. BEAM/GIRDER BRIDGE
  4. SLAB BRIDGE
  5. SUSPENSION BRIDGE
  6. CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
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21
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON inter-SPAN:

A
  1. SIMPLY SUPPORTED
  2. CONTINUOUS
  3. CANTILEVER
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22
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON DECK LOCATION:

A
  1. DECK BRIDGE
  2. THROUGH BRIDGE
  3. HALF THROUGH BRIDGE
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23
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON MATERIAL:

A
  1. STONE/MASONRY BRIDGE
  2. TIMBER/ WOODEN BRIDGE
  3. METAL / STEEL BRIDGE
  4. (REINFORCED) CONCRETE BRIDGE
  5. PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE
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24
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON PURPOSE/ USE:

A
  1. HIGHWAY
  2. RAILROAD
  3. PEDESTRIAN
  4. PIPELINE
  5. Aqueducts
  6. And more
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25
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON POSITION:

A
  1. BASCULE
  2. SWING
  3. LIFT
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26
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of BRIDGE BASED ON GEOMETRY:

A
  1. STRAIGHT
  2. SKEWED
  3. CURVED
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27
Q

▪ Bridges whose end supports spans up to no more than 30 m
▪ Slab bridges, prestressed concrete shapes and steel shapes

A

Short Span Bridge(or minor bridge)

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28
Q

▪ bridges that has lengths from 30 m to 120 meters
▪ girder bridges( pre-stressed and steel)

A

medium Span Bridge (or major bridge)

29
Q

▪ cable stayed and suspension bridges
▪ post tensioned concrete and steel bridge with high strength materials

A

LONG Span Bridge

30
Q

Span length is below 6 - 8 meters

A

CULVERT Bridge

31
Q

Allow passage OVER an obstacle such as a body of water
Provided for passage of traffic
Has a base over which traffic can pass

32
Q

Permit a body of water to pass UNDER an obstacle such as road
Provided for the ‘benefit’ of the water
Has a base over which water flows

33
Q

❖ A bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch
❖ Transfer weight of the bridge and its loads primarily into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side

A

ARCH BRIDGE

34
Q

ARCH BRIDGE:
❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements
❖ Arches resist forces through ________
❖ ______ is a major consideration

A

Arches
compression
Thrust

35
Q

❖ Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the abutments at either end of the bridge
❖ Weight is applied at either end to counteract bending at center
❖ Beam must be strong in both compression and tension to resist twisting and bender under load
❖ Usual span is 250 feet maximum

A

BEAM BRIDGE

36
Q

TYPES OF GIRDER BRIDGES

A

❖ PRE – STRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER
❖ STEEL GIRDER

37
Q

BEAM BRIDGE:
❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements
❖ Forces are resisted through ______

A

Girders
bending

38
Q

Simplest type and least expensive structures that can be for small spans up to 12 m

A

SLAB BRIDGE

39
Q

❑ Are kept strong by the stiffness of the structure
❑ All beams/members work together to spread out the load

A

TRUSS BRIDGE

40
Q

TRUSS BRIDGE
❖ Used for larger spans where the depths of a girder bridge is not practical due to limitations of:

A

(1) fabrication;
(2) erection and
(3) transportation;
4) economy in case of concrete girders

41
Q

TRUSS BRIDGE:
❖ _____ are the primary force resisting elements
❖ Forces are resisted through _________________

A

Rods
tension and compression

42
Q

❖ Allows the longest span for bridges
❖ The bed of bridge can be continuous and is held up by cables stretched between piers
❖ the load-bearing portion is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders

A

SUSPENSION BRIDGE

43
Q

cables are rigid and directly connected to the bridge deck

A

cable stayed

44
Q

hang vertically off another cable supported by piers

A

suspension bridge

45
Q

SUSPENSION BRIDGE:
❖ ______ are the primary force resisting elements
❖ Forces are primarily transmitted through ____

A

Cables
tension

46
Q

❖consists of one or more columns (towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck

A

CABLE - STAYED

47
Q

Two types of design of CABLE - STAYED

A

❖HARP DESIGN
❖FAN DESIGN

48
Q

cables are made nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower

A

HARP DESIGN

49
Q

cables all connect to or pass over the top of the tower

A

FAN DESIGN

50
Q

❖ are used when the width of gap is small and only single span of bridge is needed
❖ suitable for short span bridges

A

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BRIDGE

51
Q

❖ Used when width of gap is quite large and where there is no chance of uneven settlements
❖ Moments are generally developed at pier supports resulting to reduction of stress at inner spans

A

CONTINUOUS SUPPORTED BRIDGE

52
Q

TYPES OF CANTILEVER BRIDGE

A

❖ Simple cantilever
❖ Balanced cantilever

53
Q

❖ Formed by two cantilever arms
❖ Extends from opposite sides of the obstacle to be crossed
❖ Meets at the center

A

Simple cantilever

54
Q

Cantilever spans counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction

A

Balanced cantilever

55
Q
  • floor is situated on top of the flange in case of plate girder bridges
  • floor is on the top chord in case of truss bridge
  • top bracing is not required
A

Deck Bridge

56
Q
  • floor is placed at the level of lower chord of truss type bridge and on the top chord is braced laterally
  • flooring is provided at the bottom of the superstructure
A

Through Bridge

57
Q
  • floor lies between top and bottom
  • there also double deck bridges constructed to carry traffic on both roadways and railways at same time
  • the flooring is located at intermediate level in the superstructure
A

Half through type bridge

58
Q
  • Bridges constructed for short spans
  • Not sufficient for heavy loading
  • Designed for pedestrians and low weight transport
A

WOOD/ TIMBER BRIDGE

59
Q
  • stones and bricks are used as construction materials
  • durable compared to timber bridge
  • suitable for shorter spans
A

MASONRY BRIDGE

60
Q
  • Uses steel bars or trusses or steel cables
  • More durable and bear heavy loads
A

STEEL BRIDGE

61
Q
  • Reinforce concrete is used as construction material
  • More stable and durable
  • Suitable for long span and heavily loaded traffic
  • Generally used for constructing fly-over and highway bridge
A

REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE

62
Q
  • Suitable for short to long span bridges
  • Has heavy load carrying capacity
  • Requires high tensile steel which is more expensive than ordinary mild steel
A

PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE

63
Q

❖designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic
❖powered by electric motors, whether operating winches, gearing, or hydraulic pistons

A

MOVEABLE BRIDGE

64
Q

3 types of movable bridge

A

(a)Bascule
(b)Swing
(c)lift

65
Q

❖OR FOOT BRIDGE
❖ designed for the use of pedestrians only
“stairway to heaven” EDSA footbridge

A

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

66
Q

❖Used for the movement of trains
❖Steel bridges are widely used

A

RAILWAY BRIDGE

67
Q

❖designed for passage of highway vehicles and pedestrians
❖Designed for heavy rolling loads up to 0.8MN

A

HIGHWAY BRIDGE

68
Q

❖Used for supporting pipeline on the deck slab of bridge
❖Used for oil, gas, water, communication etc.

A

PIPELINE BRIDGE

69
Q

❖Or water bridges
❖are bridges constructed to convey watercourses across gaps

Bridge Engineering lec (7 decks)

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