Introduction to Bones and Joints

Question 1

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 1

Main portion of long bones

Question 2

What is the neck of a bone?

Answer 2

The part which attaches the diaphysis to the head of the bone

Question 3

What is a condyle? What is an epicondyle?

Answer 3

A condyle is a raised bony protrusion which is used for articulation. An epicondyle is a rounded area superior to the condyle.

Question 4

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 4

Eight (8)

Question 5

What is the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity?

Answer 5

A tubercle is a raised area of bone for muscle attachment whereas a tuberosity is a “roughening” on the bone for muscle attachment

Question 6

What are the different classifications of bones?

Answer 6

1. long bones
2. short bones
3. flat bones
4. pneumatic bones
5. irregular bones
6. sesamoids

Question 7

What are the three main types of joints?

Answer 7

1. fibrous
2. cartilage
3. synovial

Question 8

What are the six criteria of synovial joints?

Answer 8

1. articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage
2. has a joint cavity
3. has a joint capsule
4. has a synovial membrane
5. reinforced by ligaments
6. capable of varying degrees of movement

Question 9

What are the types/classes of synovial joints?

Answer 9

1. Planar
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. condyloid
5. saddle joint
6. ball and socket

Question 10

What is an example of a:

1. Planar joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Pivot joint
4. condyloid joint
5. saddle joint
6. ball and socket joint

Answer 10

1. Navicular-cuneiform joint
2. Humerus-ulna in elbow
3. Head of radius and radial notch of ulna
4. Radius-scaphoid/lunate joint
5. Thumb @ trapezium and metacarpal
6. Hip

Question 11

What bones form the axial skeleton?

Answer 11

Skull and associated bones, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Question 12

What bones form the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 12

Scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges, femur, pelvic bones, patella, tibia/fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals and phalanges

Question 13

How is the vertebral column categorized and how many bones does each segment have?

Answer 13

By region: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

There are seven cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal.

Question 14

What are the two types of intervertebral joints?

Answer 14

Synovial joints of the intervertebral articulations (zygapophyseal joints), and the intervertbral discs which are cartilage