Introduction to Bone Year 1 recap

Question 1

Session Plan: musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

Question 2

What makes up the MSK system?

Answer 2

Question 3

The Human Skeleton

Answer 3

Question 4

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 4

Question 5

How do bones develop in utero?

Answer 5

Question 6

Intramembranous Ossification: mesenchymal to bone

Answer 6

Question 7

Endochondral Ossification
Mesenchymal to cartilage to bone

Answer 7

1) Perichondrium vascularised by blood vessels. These blood vessels start delivering nutrients that are going to stimulate those mesenchymal cells that remain there to differentiate into osteoblasts. Newly formed osteoblasts gather along the diaphysis wall (the outer edge of long bones) and start depositing osteoid to form a bone collar. Primary ossification centre is starting point for endochondral ossification.
2) Formation of the bone collar will cause chondrocytes that remain within that central cavity, to enlarge and send a signal to the surrounding cartilage to calcify. Calcified matrix causes an impermability of nutrients towards the inner portion of that developing bone. The cells in that area are therefore no longer receiving the nutrients they need for survival so causes cell death. Central clearing forms where cells have died (supported by bone collar). While this is all occuring at the primary ossification centre, there are still going to be healthy chondrocytes further distal towards the ends of the bone that are still producing cartilage matrix and are in charge of elongating of that structure.

Question 8

What are bones made up of?

Answer 8

Question 9

Bone Cells

Answer 9

Question 10

Bone Cells – Where to find them

Answer 10

Question 11

Bone Matrix

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the different types of bone structure and how are they related to development?

Question 13

Bone types

Answer 13

Question 14

Cortical vs. Cancellous Bone

Answer 14

Question 15

Organization of compact/cortical bone: osteons

Answer 15

Question 16

Structure of long bones

Answer 16

Question 17

How do bones grow?

Answer 17

Question 18

Interstitial Growth

Answer 18

Question 19

Appositional Growth

Answer 19

Question 20

Role of Bone in Calcium Homeostasis

Answer 20

Question 21

Joints & Joint Stability

How do we classify joints?

Answer 21

The proximal tibiofibular joint is formed by an articulation between the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia.

It is a plane type synovial joint; where the bones to glide over one another to create movement.

Question 22

Synovial Joints:
functional types

Answer 22

Question 23

Synovial joints

Answer 23

Question 24

How are synovial joints stabilized?

Answer 24

Question 25

Joint stability

Answer 25

Question 26

Comparison – Hip vs. Shoulder Stability

Answer 26

Question 27

Session Review: musculoskeletal system

Answer 27