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Biomolecules > Introduction to Biomolecules > Flashcards

Introduction to Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following functional groups is/are capable of functioning as both hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor?

A. Hydroxyl group
B. Amino group
C. Methyl group 
D. All of the above 
E. A and B only
A

E

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2
Q

What makes the structure water-soluble?

a. Hydrophobic R groups must be externally located.
b. Hydrophilic R groups must be in the interior.
c. Exposed R groups must either be polar or charged.
d. Must contain prosthetic group.

A

C

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3
Q

Which is the MOST abundant macromolecule in the cell?

A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic Acids

A

C

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4
Q

Which monomer corresponds to the macromolecule

Protein

A. Lactose
B. Amino acid 
C. Glucose 
D. Nucleotide
E. Fatty acid
A

B

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5
Q

What best describes organic compounds?

a) All compounds containing carbon are organic
b) Methyl molecules form hydrogen bonds
c) 2 molecules that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomeres

A

C

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6
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Molecules with the same formula composition but are formed by different bonds, with different arrangements

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7
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Molecules with the same formula, and formed by the same bonds, but arranged differently

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8
Q

What is the difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?

A

Structural isomers are two or more molecules formed by the different bonds; Stereoisomers are those formed by same bonds

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9
Q

Molecules with the same formula, and the same functional groups arranged in different positions

A

Positional isomers

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10
Q

Molecules with the same formula, but different functional groups

A

Functional isomers

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11
Q

Functional isomers that are rapidly interconvertible

A

Tautamers

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12
Q

Tetrahedral carbon bound to four different groups

A

Chiral carbon

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13
Q

Formula for computing maximum number of stereoisomers given a chiral molecule

A

2^n

Where n=# of chiral carbons

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14
Q

Isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

A

Enantiomers

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15
Q

Isomers that are non-superimposable and non-mirror images of each other

A

Diastereomers

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16
Q

All molecules with a chiral center are also optically active. T/F

A

T

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17
Q

Which of the following bonds involves a highly electronegative atom and a proton?

A. Covalent bond
B. Dipole-dipole interaction
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Ionic interaction

A

C

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18
Q

Which of the following noncovalent interactions occur between all types of molecules?

A. Van der Waals repulsion
B. Van der Waals attraction
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. All of the above
E. A and B only
A

E

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19
Q

Which one of the structures has a chiral carbon?

A
H
OH- C -CH3
H

B
H
OH- C =CH2

C
H
OH- C -H
H

D
NH2
OH-C -CH3
H

A

D

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20
Q

Which of the following functional groups would be protonated at neutral pH?

A. Carboxyl Group
B. Amino Group
C. Hydroxyl group
D. Sulfhydryl group

A

B

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21
Q

A)
O O
> = =

A

D

22
Q

A)
CH3
CH3- C -CH2OH
H

B)
CH3
CH3- C- CH3
OH

Which of the following terms BEST describe the relationships of the pair of molecules?
A. Functional isomers
B. Positional isomers
C. Enantiomer
D. Diastereomer
A

A

23
Q

L-alanine and D-alanine

Which of the following terms BEST describe the relationships of the pair of molecules?
A. Functional isomers
B. Positional isomers
C. Enantiomer
D. Diastereomer
A

C

24
Q

About which of the following examples of covalent bonds is rotation possible?

A. The bond between the two carbon atoms in acetic acid (CH3COOH).
B. The bond between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in acetamide (CH3CONH2).
C. The bond between the two carbon atoms in
ethylene (CH2)2
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

A

25
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding organic biomolecules?

A. All organic biomolecules contain one or more
covalently bonded carbon atoms.

B. A carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms in an organic biomolecule.

C. An organic molecule is said to be saturated if it contains double bonds.

D. All of the above

E. A and B only

A

E

26
Q

Which of the following terms refers to a pair of isomers wherein the structures of the isomers can be regarded as mirror images of one another?

A. enantiomers 
B. epimers 
C. cis-trans isomers
D. All of the above 
E. A and B only
A

A

27
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding biopolymers?

A. Monomers of a single type of biopolymer generally share a common main chain structure.
B. The primary structure of a biopolymer refers to
the order of covalent linkage of monomers along the main chain.
C. The secondary structure of a biopolymer refers to the conformation of the main chain.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

D

28
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding soaps and detergents?

A. They contain amphiphilic molecules.
B. They form micelles that carry hydrophobic molecules into the aqueous phase.
C. They form monolayers at the water-air interface, with their hydrophobic tails protruding into the air.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

E

29
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding pH?

A. The lower the pH, the less acidic the solution.
B. The lower the pH, the lower the concentration of hydroxide ions.
C. The lower the pH, the less positively charged the dissolved biomolecules become.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

B

30
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding a certain biological macromolecule X that has an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.4?

A. The net electrical charge of X is zero at pH 7.4.
B. The macromolecule is expected to have a net positive charge at pH 7.0.
C. The electrostatic repulsion between molecules of X is greatest at pH 7.4.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

E

31
Q

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding conjugate acid-conjugate base pairs?

A. The pKa is the pH at which the concentrations of conjugate acid and conjugate base are equal.
B. A decrease in pH tends to simultaneously increase the concentration of the conjugate acid and decrease the concentration of the conjugate base.
C. A decrease in pH tends to increase the pKa.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

E

32
Q

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

A. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system is the main buffer system of extracellular fluids (such as plasma) in humans.
B. A decrease in the pH tends to decrease the concentration of bicarbonate.
C. An increase in the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide tends to decrease the concentration of bicarbonate.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

D

33
Q

Which of the following molecules is the least polar?

A. carbonic acid 
B. formaldehyde 
C. formic acid
D. methane 
E. methanol
A

D

34
Q

Which of the following is an example of an ionizable group that is predominantly in a positively charged form at neutral pH?

A. amino group 
B. carbonyl group 
C. carboxyl group
D. hydroxyl group
E. methyl group
A

A

35
Q

Which of the following is an isomer of dimethyl ether?

A. acetic acid 
B. acetone 
C. ethane
D. ethanol 
E. ethanolamine
A

D

36
Q

What is TRUE of covalent bond?

a. It is weaker than ionic bonding.
b. Single bonds are less rigid than double or triple bonds.
c. Double bonds are longer and weaker than single bonds.
d. Hydrogen bond is an example of covalent bond.

A

B

37
Q

Which of the following properties of water is NOT explained by hydrogen bonding?

a. Readily dissolves salts
b. Surface tension
c. Cohesion
d. High specific heat
e. High heat of evaporation

A

A

38
Q

What is implied if the human body is described as being
organic?

a. Most of the molecules in the cell are carbon-based.
b. Carbon forms the skeleton of biomolecules.
c. Water, which composes most of the cell, is organic.
d. Biomolecules cannot form large polymers by covalent
bonding.

A

B

39
Q

Which is NOT a macromolecule?

a. Polypeptides
b. Nucleic acids
c. Polysaccharides
d. Triacylglycerol
e. Cholesterol

A

B

40
Q

What is the second most abundant macromolecule in a cell?

a. Nucleic Acids
b. Protein
c. Polysaccharide
d. Lipids

A

A

41
Q

What main molecular interaction occurs among hydrocarbon molecules placed in aqueous environment?

a. Ionic bonds
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Hydrophobic interactions
d. Covalent bond

A

c

42
Q

What macromolecule conveys the biological information from an organism to its offspring?

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Protein
d. Phospholipid
e. Polysaccharide

A

a

43
Q

Which of the following statements describe a nucleotide?

a. Does not contain a phosphate functional group.
b. One main function includes being the energy currency of the cell.
c. The sugar moieties serve as the code for genetic information.
d. Pyrimidines are bicyclic bases.

A

b

44
Q

Which of the following functional groups can readily become negatively charge when pH is increased?

a. Amino
b. Carbonyl
c. Hydroxyl
d. Carboxyl
e. Sulfhydryl

A

d

45
Q

Which of these explanations account for the observation that oil & water tend to separate into distinct layers when mixed together?

A. Water molecules tend to form hydrogen bonds w/ one another to the exclusion of intervening oil molecules.
B. Water molecules are heavier than oil molecules and such tend to sink below oil molecules.
C. The attraction b/w a water molecule and an oil molecule is stronger than the attraction between two water molecules.
D. Both A& B.

A

D

46
Q

What makes carbon desirable in organic molecules?

A

It can covalently bond four atoms
A chain of carbon atoms can form a skeleton base
A carbon chain can be branched, straight or a ring
A carbon atom can interact with several function groups, resulting to great functional diversity

47
Q

Which monomer corresponds to the macromolecule

Glycogen

A. Lactose
B. Amino acid 
C. Glucose 
D. Nucleotide
E. Fatty acid
A

C

48
Q

Which monomer corresponds to the macromolecule

DNA

A. Lactose
B. Amino acid 
C. Glucose 
D. Nucleotide
E. Fatty acid
A

D

49
Q

Which monomer corresponds to the macromolecule

Phospholipid

A. Lactose
B. Amino acid 
C. Glucose 
D. Nucleotide
E. Fatty acid
A

E

50
Q

What is the shape when carbon bonds with four functional groups?

A. Planar
B. Linear
C. Tetrahedral

A

C

Biomolecules (4 decks)

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