Introduction to Biomechanics Flashcards
What are the three planes of movements
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Transverse
What are the movements performed at the frontal plane
- Elevation
- Depression
- Right side bending
- Left side bending
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Radial deviation
- Ulna deviation
What are the movements performed at the sagittal plane
- Plantar flexion
- Dorsi flexion
- Flexion
- Extension
- Protraction
- Retraction
What are the movements performed at the transverse plane
- Right rotation
- Left rotation
- Lateral rotation
- Medial rotation
- Upwards rotation
- Downwards rotation
- Circumduction
- Pronation
- Supination
What are the movements at the neck joint (8)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Right rotation
- Left rotation
- Right side bending
- Left side bending
- Protraction
- Retraction
What are the movements at the shoulder glenohumeral joint (7)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Lateral rotation
- Medial rotation
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction
What are the movements at the shoulder girdle (6)
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protraction
- Retraction
- Upwards rotation
- Downwards rotation
What are the movements at the elbow joint (2)
- Flexion
- Extension
What are the movements at the radioulnar (2)
- Pronation
- Supination
What are the movements at the wrist joint (4)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Radial deviation
- Ulna deviation
What are the movements at the hip joint (7)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Medial rotation
- Lateral rotation
- Circumduction
What are the movements at the knee joint (4)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Medial rotation
- Lateral rotation
What are the movements at the ankle joint (2)
- Plantar flexion
- Dorsi flexion
Anatomical position
Standing upright with feet forward and arms by your side with palms foreword and head neutral looking foreword
Abduction
Is movement of a joint away from the midline of the body (alien abducting a human- take away)
Adduction
Is movement of a joint towards the midline of the body
Finger abduction
Spreading fingers
Finger adduction
Closing fingers
Radial deviation
Moving the joint towards the radius
Ulna deviation
Moving the joint towards the ulna
Flexion
Is a decrease in the angle between two joints
Extension
Is an increase in the angle between two joints
Dorsi flexion
Pointing your toes up towards your body
Plantar flexion
Pointing your toes downwards (like planting your foot)
Medial rotation (internal rotation)
Rotation towards the midline of the axis of rotation
Lateral rotation (external rotation)
Rotation away from the midline of the axis of rotation
Supination
Flipping hand up
(flip your hand like you’re asking for a bowl of soup)
Pronation
Flipping the hand down
(pro footballers putting their hands in a pile)
Inversion
Rotate feet outwards
(invert your feet)
Eversion
Rotate your feet inwards
Elevation
Lift shoulders up
Depression
Lift shoulders down
Protraction
Protrude or stick out a part of the body
Retraction
Posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall
Circumduction
Circular motion
Active motion
Which means when the patient is moving the joint through their own effort
Passive motion
Which means the motion being done by either your hands or by a machine
Resisted motion
Which is some kind of resistance is being placed on that motion
Synovial fluid definition
Is a clear, viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints to act as lubricant, shock absorber and a nutrient supply
Joint capsule definition
Is a fibrous structure that surrounds and encloses the synovial joint
Articular cartilage definition
Is a specialised type of hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of bones within synovial joints that has many special functions such as lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient supply, load transmission and smooth surface for bones to move freely
Ligaments definition
Connects bone to bone
Tendons definition
Connects muscle to bone
Bursae definition
A closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body
Nerve definition
Is a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses between various parts of the body, allowing for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and various organs, tissues, and muscles
Skeletal muscle definition
Found throughout the body and functions to contract in response to a stimulus
