Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

-Swedish founder of biochemistry.
-Studied the chemical composition of matter in mid 1700.

Answer 1

CARL SCHEELE

Question 2

prove the fallacy that biochemicals can only be
produced by living organisms by producing urea by heating ammonium cyanate.

Answer 2

FRIEDRICH WOHLER

Question 3

Who formulated the cell theory in 1840?

Answer 3

Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Shwann

Question 4

Discovered chromosomes

Answer 4

Walther Flemming

Question 5

German scientist who coined the word “biochemistry”

Answer 5

Carl Neuberg

Question 6

found that extracts from yeasts could bring about
fermentation of sugar into alcohol in 1897.

Answer 6

Eduard and Hans Buchner

Question 7

Proposed the Krebs cycle of the TCA in 1937.

Answer 7

Hans Krebs

Question 8

Identify DNA as information molecules in 1944

Answer 8

Avery, Macleod, and Mccarty

Question 9

• propose the double helical structure of
  DNA
• Propose the central dogma of Biology

Answer 9

• James Watsons and Francis Crick
  -Francis Crick

Question 10

a chemical substance found within a living organism

Answer 10

Biochemical substance

Question 11

Biochemical Substance are divided into 2 groups. What are those?

Answer 11

1. Bioinorganic Substances
2. Bioorganic substances

Question 12

-Substances that do not contain carbon
-includes water and inorganic salts
- constitutes over two-thirds of
the mass of the human body

Answer 12

BIOINORGANIC SUBSTANCE

Question 13

-Substances that contain carbon
-Include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
-make up only about one-fourth of body
mass

Answer 13

BIOORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Question 14

-Present in plant and animal cells
-Compose of 50-95% H2O and 1%ions

Answer 14

BIOMOLECULES

Question 15

Carbon based molecule that are covalently bonded to itself or other elements like H, O, N, S, P.

Answer 15

ORGANIC MOLECULES

Question 16

One important organic molecule is the

Answer 16

HYDROCARBON

Question 17

-Biomolecules are derived from HC
-Non-polar
-Hydrophobic

Answer 17

HYDROCARBON

Question 18

Two broad types of biomolecules

Answer 18

-small biomolecules/building blocks
-macromolecules

Question 19

4 families of small molecules are found inside the cell

Answer 19

1. Amino acids
2. Sugar
3. Fatty Acids
4. Nucleotides

Question 20

3 major parts of amino acids

Answer 20

1.Amino group
2.Carboxyl Group
3.R group

Question 21

Example of polypeptides

Answer 21

1. Transport proteins
2. Structural proteins
3. Enzymes

Question 22

-AA is less than 50 (and are called peptide)
- are called proteins

Answer 22

-Short polypeptides
-Long polypeptides

Question 23

The bond connecting the amino acids in the polypetide are called peptide bonds and also______

Answer 23

Amide bond

Question 24

-are called carbohydrates
-the most abundant organic molecules in nature

Answer 24

SUGAR

Question 25

-basic unit of sugar
-known as simple sigar

Answer 25

MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 26

functional group of monosaccharides

Answer 26

-Polyhydroxyl Aldehyde
-Polyhydroxyl Ketone

Question 27

Example of sugars

Answer 27

-Glucose
-Fructose
-Ribose
-Deocyribose

Question 28

polymer containing large amount of monosaccharides

Answer 28

Polysaccharides

Question 29

Example pf polysaccharides

Answer 29

• Glycogen
• Starch
• Cellulose

Question 30

-Monocarboxylic acid
- usually contains an even number of carbon atoms
- are components of Lipids

Answer 30

FATTY ACIDS

Question 31

types of Fatty acids:
-single bonded
-one or more bonds

Answer 31

-Saturated FA
-Unsaturated FA

Question 32

Example of:
Saturated FA
Unsaturated FA

Answer 32

-Palmitic acid
-Oleic Acid

Question 33

Also known as fat and oil

Answer 33

Triacylglycerols