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PSYCH 282 > Introduction To Behavior Modification > Flashcards

Introduction To Behavior Modification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is behavior?

A

An action, either overt or covert, that is measurable, observable, and in response to a stimulus

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2
Q

What is a response?

A

An instance of a behavior

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3
Q

What is a response class?

A

A group of behaviors will produce the same consequence.

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4
Q

What is a repertoire?

A

The collection of all behaviours a person can perform

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5
Q

What is the Dead Man’s Test?

A

A maxim in which asserts that nothing a deceased person can do qualifies as behavior.

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6
Q

What is a behavioral excess?

A

An undesirable behavior that someone wishes to decrease

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7
Q

What is a target behavior?

A

A behavior that will be subject to modification

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8
Q

What is a behavioral goal?

A

Intended change to the target behavior.

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9
Q

What is an outcome goal?

A

The motivation behind the behavioral goal; abstract result that one wishes to attain. Often socially significant, and/or related to client’s well being.

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10
Q

What is a behavioural deficit?

A

A desirable behaviour that someone wishes to increase

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11
Q

What is behaviour modification?

A

The science and practice of analyzing and modifying behaviour

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12
Q

What is behaviourism?

A

The guiding philosophy behind behaviour modification, and the science of behaviour

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13
Q

What is experimental analysis of behaviour (EAB)?

A

Basic study of behaviour and its functional relationship with the environment

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14
Q

What does the text mean when it states that behaviour is “lawful”? (Miltenberger, 2016).

A

It has a direct and functional relationship with the environment, and can be systematically influenced by environmental events

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15
Q

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

A

Using knowledge about human behavior to reduce socially undesirable behaviors and/or increase desirable ones

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16
Q

Who discovered respondent conditioning (the conditioning of a reflex to a neutral stimulus)?

A

Pavlov

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17
Q

What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

A

A behaviour that produces a desirable effect on the environment is more likely to be repeated.

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18
Q

What is methodological behaviourism, and to whom is it attributable?

A

The study of external behaviour alone, with no interest paid to internal or mental events. Watson.

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19
Q

What is radical behaviourism, and to whom is it attributable?

A

The study of both overt (external) behaviours, and covert (internal) behaviours. Skinner.

20
Q

What is the S-R-S model / Three-Term Contingency / ABCs of behaviour?

A

Antecedent stimulus –> Behaviour –> Consequence

21
Q

Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?

A

Skinner

22
Q

Why is the Behaviour Research and Therapy journal important?

A

First scientific journal dedicated to behaviourism (1963)

23
Q

Why is “Case Studies in Behaviour Modification” by Ullman and Krasner important?

A

First book ever published to have “behaviour modification” in the title (1965)

24
Q

Why is the Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis important?

A

First journal dedicated to ABA (1968)

25
Q

What is the Screening) or intake phase)?

A

The phase to obtain client demographic information, and reasons for seeking assistance

26
Q

What is the Preprogram Assessment Phase (or Baseline Phase)?

A

The phase to define and measure initial “baseline” level for behavior

27
Q

What is the Treatment Phase?

A

The phase to actively apply training, intervention, or treatment program

28
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of responses in a given period of time

29
Q

What is duration?

A

The length of a behavior

30
Q

What is latency?

A

The time between an antecedent stimulus or event, and the onset of a behavior

31
Q

What is intensity?

A

It assesses the strength of behavior, often with a rating scale

32
Q

What is quality?

A

Often arbitrary judgement of social value, and may use a rating scale

33
Q

What is an Operational Definition?

A

A precise, objective definition of a term by specifying the operations the researcher or made to measure it

34
Q

What is a natural setting of behavior observation?

A

Setting that is part of the client’s everyday life, in which the behavior typically occurs

35
Q

What is an analogue setting of behavior observation?

A

Setting that is simulated and controlled, and made to mimic a natural setting for the purpose of observing behavior

36
Q

What is unstructured observation?

A

When the observer observes behaviour without presenting any events, activities, or instructions

37
Q

What is reactivity?

A

When a behavior changes due to the fact that it’s being observed and recorded.

38
Q

What are two ways that reactivity can be reduced?

A

1) Allowing the client time to become accustomed to the observation
2) Observing the behavior when the client doesn’t know they’re being observed

39
Q

What is unstructured observation?

A

When the observer observes behavior without presenting any events, activities, or instructions

40
Q

What is structured observation?

A

When the observer presents certain instructions, events, or activities to observe the behavior in those contexts

41
Q

What is continuous recording?

A

Recording every instance of behavior throughout the observation period.

42
Q

What is partial-interval recording?

A

Dividing an observation period into successive intervals, and recording whether or not a behavior takes place in each interval.

43
Q

What is whole interval-recording?

A

Dividing an observation period into successive intervals, and only counting a behavior if it endured throughout the entire interval.

44
Q

What is time sample recording?

A

Dividing the observation period into intervals of time, but only recording the behavior during part of each interval

45
Q

What is inter-observer agreement / inter-observer reliability?

A

The rate at which two trained observers, based on the same behavioral definition, will agree whether a behavior occurred or not. A strong behavioral definition will have high IOA / IOR (>90%)

46
Q

True or false: behaviour modification also uses theoretical constructs like personality traits to understand behaviour

A

False

47
Q

True or false: internal states and incentives, (such as sadness, hunger, etc), are important considerations in behavior modification, and are acceptable to include in a behavioral definition

A

False

PSYCH 282 (1 decks)

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