Introduction to Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy Flashcards
composed of billion of cells that should be adequately nourished in order to grow multiply, and perform activities essential to life
human body
basic unit of living things and is composed of a membrane made primarily of proteins and lipids
Cell
It encloses the nucleus that contains the genetic material, DNA, the organelles, that includes the
mitochondria that produce ATP, and the ribosomes, of which the known particles are the
RNA, with
enzymes and hormones.
is of prime importance throughout a person’s life. it is interrelated with his
other basic needs: physical, physiological, emotional, sociological, and economic factors.
Nutrition
The application of nutritional knowledge at any point between birth to death in a state of nutritional
well-being, and is
an outcome of effective nutrition education.
is the study of food in relation to health of an individual, community, or scociety
and the process through which food is used to sustain life and growth.
Nutrition
is the science of food, the nutrients and other substances therein, their action,
interaction and balance in relation to health and disease, and the processes by which an
organism ingest, digest, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food substances.
Nutrition
combination of processes by which a living organism receives and utilizes
materials or substances needed for the maintenance of its functions and for growth and
renewal of its components.
Nutrition
critical part of health
and development. Better nutrition is
related to improved infant, child
and maternal health, stronger
immune systems, safer pregnancy
and childbirth, lower risk of non- communicable diseases (such as
diabetes and cardiovascular
disease), and longevity.
Nutrition
Any substance taken into the body
that will help to meet the body’s
needs for energy, maintenance, and
growth.
Food
A chemical substance obtained from food
and needed by the body for growth,
maintenance, or repair of tissues. Many
nutrients are considered essential. The
body cannot make them; they must be
obtained from food.
Nutrients
(a) The foods that a person eats most
frequently; (b) Food considered in
terms of its qualities and effects on
health; (c) A particular selection of
food, usually prescribed to treat or
manage properly a disease
condition.
Diet
Technically correct term for unit of energy
in nutrition, equal to the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water 1°C.
KILOCALORIE (KCAL)
Capacity to do work; also refers to
calories, that is, the “fuel” provided
by certain nutrients (carbohydrates,
fats, proteins).
Energy
The total of all the chemical and biological
processes that take place in the body.
METABOLISM
The use of any diet for restoring or
maintaining optimal nutritional status
and body homeostasis.
DIET THERAPY
Defined as a “nutrition-based treatment
provided by a registered dietitian
nutritionist.” It includes “a nutrition diagnosis
as well as therapeutic and counseling
services to help manage disease
conditions
MEDICAL NUTRITION
THERAPY
plays an essential role in disease management, health care, and
preventive health care and should be provided by a qualified nutrition professional.
Nutritional Therapy
provides the necessary foundation for appropriate
nutrition therapy based on identified needs.
Comprehensive nutrition assessment
promote multiple goals: assisting patients in
recovery from illness or injury, helping persons maintain follow-up care to promote health,
and helping to control health care costs.
Nutrition assessment and nutrition therapy
“process used to evaluate nutritional status, identify disorders of nutrition, and deter-
mine which individuals need nutrition instruction and/or nutrition support.”
Because no single test measures nutritional status, nutrition assessment draws from
numerous indexes to provide a complete picture of nutritional health.
Nutritional Assessment/
is “a systematic approach to collect, record, and interpret
relevant data from patients, clients, family members, caregivers and other
individuals and groups. It is an ongoing, dynamic process that involves initial data
collection as well as continual reassessment and analysis of the patient’s/client’s
status compared to specified criteria.
Nutritional Assessment/
The fundamental purpose of nutrition assessment in general clinical practice is to
determine the following three factors:
- Overall nutritional status of the patient
- Current health care needs - physical, psychosocial, and personal
- Related factors influencing these needs in the person’s current life situation
- State of the body resulting from the in- take
and use of nutrients. - Nutritional status can be established by
measuring indicators of nutrient stores.
Variations of nutrient stores result in
changes in nutritional status when nutrient
needs and nutrient use are increased or
alterations in nutrient intake occur.
Inadequacy or excess of a particular
nutrient produces physiologic alteration in
the body.
Nutritional Status
Many patients are malnourished when admitted
to the hospital, whereas others may develop
malnutrition during their hospital stay. Hospitalized
patients with hypermetabolic and physiologic
stress of illness or injury can be at risk for
malnutrition from increased nutritional needs.
Hospital operating guidelines that provide for
nutrition screening on admission, combined with
follow-up monitoring, will identify patients at
malnutrition risk and provide essential medical
nutrition therapy.
Malnutrition
are measurements of body size, weight, and
proportions. These measurements can be used to assess nutritional status, as
well as growth and development of infants and children; they are useful tools
for monitoring the effects of nutritional intervention.9
Anthropometric Measurements
Measurements of length and stature (height) are easily
obtained anthropometric measures. They are the most sensitive indicators of
growth and development in infants and children.
Length and Stature.
One of the most important measurements in nutritional assessment is body weight
Weight
