Introduction to 'Aqeedah & The Foundations of The Religion Flashcards
What are the 3 root letters of ‘aqeadah, what are the meanings that revolve around them?
these 3 letters give the core meaning of all the variations of the word
- ‘ayn
- qaf
- daal
- Al rabT: tying something
- tying nots, tying things
- in a literal way, ma’nawi
- or hissiy: by meaning: being bound to a contract
- al ‘ahd: covenent
- al mulazamah: sticking to something
- tawkeed: emphisis
What is the technical definition of ‘aqeadah (in general)?
The belief of any group, connected to islam or unrelated to it.
- ‘aqeedah of christians: incorrect ‘aqeadah
- ‘aqeedah of ahl al sunnah
What are the subject matters (mawdu’) of ‘aqeedah?
- 6 pillars of iman
- some scholars simplify it:
- prophethood (scripture)
- ghaybiyyat (matters of the unseen)
- some scholars simplify it:
- what is iman: iman increases and decreases
- belief about the companions
- imamah: rulership (it has issues that are found in fiqh)
+masadir talaqi al ‘aqeedah: where should ‘aqeadah be taken from
Why teach more than the 6 pillars of iman when teaching ‘aqeedah?
like belief about the companions and whether iman goes up and down?
Primary reason: this became a part of the subject because deviancies exists within it.
they deviated from the quran, sunnah and ijma’ of the salaf
How do we know that these subject matters of ‘aqeadah are what our beliefs comprise of? that there are not more things or less things?
al istiqrah
comprehensive reading which comes with categorization
example: if you go through the quran and sunnah and categorize every single ayah
and put them in categories
it leads you to the answer for example: that the types of tawheed mentionned in the quran are 3
same things with categorizing things in ‘aqeedah and fiqh
Why some people answer what their aqeedah is by using a fiqhi mathhabb?
- they are trying to mix ‘aqeedah and fiqh so that critisism of there ‘aqeedah becaumes critisism of their fiqh
- to legitimise differences in ‘aqeedah like being differences between the mathahib
Are there differences in ‘aqeedah?
yes, its not true that every matter of fiqh is differed over and every matter of ‘aqeedah is agreed upon
differences in ‘aqeedah: example: did the prophet salalahu ‘aleyhi wa salam see allah or did he see a light
agreed upon in fiqh, example: 5 daily prayers are obligatory
Where do you take your ‘aqeedah from (masadir al ‘aqeedah)? Primary sources
- Quran,
- sunnah (al sunnatu al thabitah: saheeh, or hasan, mutawatir or ahhaad),
- ijma’
What are examples surahs/ayah that deal with ‘aqeadah in the quran?
- ayat al kursi (greatest ayah in the book of Allah)
- suratul fatiha (greatest surah)
- suratul ikhlas
What is a hadith that shows the sunnah is understood in light of the sahabah?
إنَّهُ مَن يعِشْ منْكم بعدي فسيَرى اختِلافًا كثيرًا فعليكُم بسنَّتي وسنَّةِ الخلفاءِ الرَّاشدينَ المَهديِّينَ من بعدي
https://www.dorar.net/hadith/sharh/64093
Hadith were the prophet asked where is Allah?
يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ، جاريةٌ لي صَكَكتُها صَكَّةً ، فعظَّمَ ذلِكَ عليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ علَيهِ وسلَّمَ ، فقلتُ : أفلا أعتقُها ؟ قالَ : ائتِني بِها ، قالَ : فَجِئْتُ بِها ، قالَ : أينَ اللَّهُ ؟ قالَت : في السَّماءِ ، قالَ : مَن أَنا ؟ قالت : أنتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ ، قالَ : أعتِقها فإنَّها مُؤْمِنَةٌ
here: fii means above
What is ijma + evidence?
what is agreed upon
- http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/tabary/sura4-aya115.html
- وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَىٰ وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّىٰ وَنُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا (115)
- go against the believers as a whole
- https://www.dorar.net/hadith/sharh/83968
- إنَّ اللَّهَ قد أجارَ أمَّتي أن تجتمِعَ علَى ضلالةٍ
When can we use secondary evidence (example logical)?
- they should only be used by themselves when they come from the quran and sunnah.
- else they should be used after the evidence from the quran and sunnah, (supporting it)
What are secondary sources of ‘aqeadah?
- fitrah https://www.dorar.net/hadith/sharh/11472
1. كلُّ مولودٍ يولَدُ على الفطرةِ فأبواه يُهوِّدانِه أو يُنصِّرانِه أو يُمجِّسانِه - ‘aqul sareeh: intellect not currupted
dont prove things by themselves serve as supplement to primary sources
What is an ayah that shows that prophets were scared of shirk?
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَن نَّعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ
https://surahquran.com/aya-35-sora-14.html
- him and his children
And (remember) when Ibrahim (Abraham) said: “O my Lord! Make this city (Makkah) one of peace and security, and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.
Side question: why do we say Allah and his messenger know best, and not just allah knows best?
This is said when the Prophet is speaking from revelation
- Allah knows best because he knows everything
- the messenger knows best because allah gave him the revelation
it does not equate the messenger to Allah
- it simply affirms revelation: he will speak from what allah commanded him to speak.
How does the seerah show us the importance of ‘aqeedah?
the prophet salalahu aleyhi wasalam spent 13 years of dawah in makah
first 10 years: no regular 5 daily prayers, no zakat, no hajj, no fasting
5 prayers came last few years in makkah
and the rest came in madeenah
for about 10 years all of it was the majority all about: tawheed and ‘aqeedah
look at the suwar makkiyyah: the majority of the topics: are about tawheed and ‘aqeedah
What is the Difference of ijma’ in ‘aqeedah vs fiqh?
in ‘aqeedah, in general, each scholar has the same evidence, and they arrive at the same conclusion (ijma’)
in fiqh, the evidence can be many,
each scholar has a different evidence, but they have the same conclusion (ijma’)
the nature of ijma’ in ‘aqeedah is different from the nature of ijma’ in fiqh
- concensus has to come from an evidence: it cant just come from thin air, it has to have an evidence that is estalished
in ‘aqeedah, the ima’ is based on one evidence (even if there are other evidences)
In general each scholar has the same evidence, and they arrive at the same conclusion
same conclusion, same paths
they all agree that this evidence shows this conclusion
in fiqh, the evidence can be many,
each scholar has a different evidence, but they have the same conclusion
same conclusion, differnet paths
they dont all agree that all their evidences show the same conclusion, but they all agree on the conclusion and have there own evidences for it
- what is the value of knowing this?** you may find differences of opinion in ‘aqeedah over some of the secondary evidences (do they actually lead to the conclusion), not the primary evidence**this does not hurt the concensus, nor does it mean that those who differ on the secondary evidence have a difference on the final conculsion
Why Is it not a problem that we have different ways of saying ‘aqeedah?
principle of the scholars: la mushahata fil istilah
there is no dispute in terminology, there should be no dispute in that
terminology is not intended by itslef, what is intended is the meaning
its just a way to make the science digestible for the students
What are different ways of saying ‘aqeedah?
- iman
- ‘aqeedah
- usul al deen
- sharee’ah
- al fiqh al akbar
What is an important nuance when it comes to the principle: la mushahata fil istilah?
there is not dispute in terminology
there is a condition: as long as it does not lead to negative concequences
ibnul qayim says:
والاصطلاحات لا مشاحه فيها اذا لم تتضمن مفسده
example: call wine: grape juice
people may drink it, by accident, may not know that its haram
What is Linguistic definition of Tawheed?
it is a verbal noun
the verb is : wahada yuwahidu (to make something one, or to declare something to be one)
What is Technical definition of Tawheed?
to testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah
How do we know the meaning of tawheed, evidence?
https://www.dorar.net/hadith/sharh/14043
إنَّكَ تَقْدَمُ علَى قَوْمٍ مِن أهْلِ الكِتَابِ، فَلْيَكُنْ أوَّلَ ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إلى أنْ يُوَحِّدُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى
in another version of the hadith, the prophet Salalahu ‘aleyhi wa salam said its ‘ibadah
فَلْيَكُنْ أوَّلَ ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إلَيْهِ عِبَادَةُ اللَّهِ
https://dorar.net/hadith/sharh/25418
فليكن أوَّلُ ما تدعوهم إليه شهادةَ أنْ لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنَّ محمَّدًا رسولُ اللهِ ،
https://www.dorar.net/hadith/sharh/64388
in sahih muslim la ilaha ilalah is used
we understand that in the view of the sahaba (those who narated the hadith), tawheed, la ilaha illalah, and ‘ibadah of allah, all mean the same thing
Why do we add behaqin (deserves) in the explanation of la ilaha ilalah?
because we are not negating the existance of things that are worshiped other than allah
we are negating that these things do not deserve it.
What is the meaning of ilah?
ilah means: al ma’bood
evidence?
- ahadith that interchange la ilaha illah with worhip allah alone
- أَجَعَلْنَا مِن دُونِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَallah connects ilahhttps://surahquran.com/aya-45-sora-43.html
