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Pharmocology > Introduction To Antibiotics - Straudinger > Flashcards

Introduction To Antibiotics - Straudinger Flashcards

1
Q

Ab target what for gram +

A

Cell wall, membrane integrity, folate synthesis (needed to make some purines)

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2
Q

Ab target what for gram -

A

RNA/DNA synthesis (metronidazol)

Protein Synthesis

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3
Q

B-Lactam Abs

structure and examples

A
  • has a B-lactam ring

- Penicillins (amoxicillin, flucoxicillin) + Cephalosporins (Cefalexin)

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4
Q

B-Lactam Abs
MOA
side effects

A

Inhibition of Cell wall synthesis

allergic reaction

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5
Q

Benzathine Penicillin
used for
pregnancy

A

strep, diphtheria, syphilis, yaws, + prevent RF

safe

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6
Q

Benzathine Penicillin

common side effects

A

syphilis : Jarisch- Herxherimer reaction can happen

others : anaphylaxis, pain,

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7
Q

Beta-Lactamase Enzymes

A

some bacteria that are sensitive to oxaxillin make these enzymes to resist Abs (a type of penicillinase that does not get degraded)

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8
Q

Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases

A

multidrug resistant

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9
Q

how to prevent resistance

A
  • use B-Lactamase Inhibitors + B-Lactam antibiotics

- add Tazobactam to Piperacillin : helps bind B- Lactamase more efficiently

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10
Q

when do you use Piperacillin + Tazobactam

A

Pseudomonas Infections

  • Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PID, Intra-abd infection, Cellulitis, Sepsis, Pneumonia)
  • Piperacillin = B-lactam Ab
  • Tazobactam = B-lactamase inhibitor
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11
Q

Ceftriaxone is what and used for

A

B-lactam –> Cephalasporin–> 3rd generation

  1. pneumonia
  2. Ecoli
  3. Meningitis
    * broad spectrum
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12
Q

piperacillin is what

A

B-lactam–> penicillin

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13
Q

how to treat acute polynephritis

A

Ceftriaxone
- intravenous Ceftriaxone/gentamicin
+
- oral fluoroquinolone regime

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14
Q

Cefaclor is what and MOA

A

B-lactam –> Cephalosporins –> 2nd generation

  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • 6 membered ring (1-2% cross reactivity with penicillin)= okay to take ONLY if minor allergic reaction to Penicillin
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15
Q

MSSA and ORSA

A

Methicillin - susceptible Staph Aures
Oxacillin - resistant Staph aures
*both make penicillin (subtype of b-lactamase that does not get destroyed) = treat with Vancomycin

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16
Q

Macrolides examples

A
  1. Clarithromycin
  2. Azithromycin
  3. erythromycin
17
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis so bacteria die

18
Q

Macrolides adverse effects

A

inhibition of CYPP450

elongates QT interval abd Torsade de pointes

19
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA
structure
ex

A

inhibit protein synthesis
amino sugar structures
neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin

20
Q

Aminoglycosides used for

A

sepsis, intrabdominal infections, UTI complications, RESP infections nosocomial

21
Q

Chloramphenicol used for

MOA

A

conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, typhoid fever

inhibit protein synthesis

22
Q

Chloramphenicol side effects

A

bone marrow suppression, N, D, gray baby syndrome (swollen tummy + low BP)

23
Q

Glycopeptides MOA and used for

A

MRSA and ORSA that are resistant to Vancomycin

inhibit bacteria cell wall synthesis

24
Q

Quinolone Antibiotics
MOA
structures
example

A

X bacterial DNA replication and transcription

  • Levofloxacin, Trovafloxacin
  • carboxylic acid group attached
25
Q

Quinolone Antibiotics resistance

A

high resistance

26
Q

Quinolone Antibiotics used for and side effects

A

Sickle Cell Disease, Urinary infections from hospital, community acquired infections : can cause osteomyelitis, can enter bone

27
Q

Quinolone Antibiotics use when

A

other drugs used are resistant

28
Q

Oxazolidinoes MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis

29
Q

Oxazolidinoes use for

A

resistant gram + bacteria (strep, staph, enterococci)

- TB, skin infection, pneumonia

30
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

prevent growth of bacteria

31
Q

Sulfonamides used for and side effects

A

Vaginal yeast infections

allergic reactions

32
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

inhibit protein + no growth

33
Q

Tetracyclines used for

A

chlamydia, Rickettsia (RMSF, typhus),
Spirochetal : Brucellosis, Lyme, Syphilis, borreliosis
L. venerum

34
Q

Tetracyclines side effects

A

do NOT take during pregnancy

prevent bone growth and stain teeth

Pharmocology (3 decks)

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