Introduction to anatomy Lecture slides_student version

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.

Studied through dissection, medical imaging (such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans), and other techniques like histology and models.

Gross anatomy - structures visible without magnifying.

Microscopic anatomy - structures visible with magnification (histology)

Question 2

Explain why anatomy is important for clinical practice

Answer 2

All clinicians use anatomy as it underpins all clinical activities:
- History taking
- Examination
- Investigation
- Management plan
Procedural training
- Venepuncture and cannulation
- Catheterisation
- Chest drain

Question 3

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 3

The anatomical position is a standard reference where the body is standing upright, feet together, arms at the side, and palms facing forward.

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the main terms of movement in anatomy?

Answer 7

Abduction - away from the midline
Abduction - towards the midline

Lateral rotation - rotation away from midline
Medial rotation - rotation away towards midline

Circumduction - Combination of all movements in a circular motion where the distal end of a limb or extremity describes a circle while the proximal end is fixed

Inversion - sole faces towards midline with foot turned inwards
Eversion - sole faces away from midline with foot turned outwards

Dorsiflexion - movement that decreases the angle between the dorsum (top) of the foot and the shin.
Plantarflexion - Sole (plantar) and toes point towards the floor

Supination - palmar surface of hand and forearm face forwards
Pronation - palmar surface of hand and forearm rotate and face backward