introduction to anatomy and terminology_03.10.22 Flashcards
anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
gross anatomy
study of the body structures that can be examined by the naked eye during dissection
regional anatomy
all organs present in one body cavity are studied together
systemic anatomy
all organs with related functions are studied together
surface anatomy
shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveals underlying organs
anatomical body position
point of reference for all movements: standing uptight and feet together, face looks forward, mouth is closed, hands by the side, fingers are straight, toes point forward, palms of the hands face forward, thumbs point away from the body
coronal (frontal) plane
oriented vertically, divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
sagittal plane
oriented vertically, divides the plane into right and left parts
midsagittal/median plane
lies exactly in the midline vertically
parasigittal plane
near the midline
transverse (horizontal plane)
oriented horizontally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
axial region
main axis of the body - head, neck, trunk
axial skeleton
skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
appendicular region
consists of the limbs
appendicular skeleton
bones of the upper limb and bones of the lower limbs
superior
upper part of a structure or the body, above
inferior
toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below
medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
anterior (ventral)
toward or at the front of the body
posterior (dorsal)
toward or at the back of the body
cranial (embryological structure)
toward the head end
caudal (embryological structure)
away from the head end; refers to the tail (inferior)
superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
deep (internal)
away from the body surface
