Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is anatomy
study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
What is gross anatomy
Large structures
• Easily observable
What is microscopic anatomy
Very small structures
Can only be view on microscope
Structural organization level
Chemical level
(Molecular)
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organisms level
What is integumentary system and it’s functions
Integumentary System
• Forms the external body covering
• Protects deeper tissue from injury
and drying out
• Synthesizes vitamin D
• Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Skeletal system
It protects and support body organs
Provide muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
Muscular system
Allows locomotion
Maintenance posture
Produces heat
Nervous system
Fast acting control system
Responds to inter and external change
Activates mucles and glands
Endocrine system
Secretes regulatory hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Cardiovascular system
Transport materials in body via blood pumped by the heart. Like:
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes
Lymphatic system
Returns fluids to blood vessels
Dispose of debris
Involved immunity by destroying bacteria and tumor cells
Respiratory system
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Digestive system
Breaks down the food
Allow nutrient absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible materials
Urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid based balance
Regulation of materials. Like:
Water
Electrolytes
Reproductive system
Production of offspring
Anatomical position:
The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the
sides with the palms facing forward
Superior (or cranial)
Towards the head or the upper part of a structure or the body above
( Sa babaw)
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure or the body
BELOW
(SA DALUM)
Anterior (ventral)
Toward or the front of the body
(Tubang)
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward or the backside of the body
( likod)
Medial
Toward or the midline of the body
(Sa TUNGA)
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Intermidiate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
(Sa TUNGA NILA ). × ✓ ×
Proximal
Closest to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of limb and the body trunk
(Pina ka lapit)
Distal
Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
(Pina ka layu)
What is homeostasis
Is the maintenance of a stable internal environment or a dynamic equilibrium state in a constantly changing external environment.
