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The moving animal - Gateway > Introduction to anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranial-caudal axis?

A

Towards head = cranially

Away from head = caudally

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2
Q

What is the rostral-caudal axis?

A

Towards front of head = rostrally

Towards back of head = caudally

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3
Q

What is the medial-lateral axis?

A

Towards middle = medially

Away from middle = laterally

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4
Q

What is the dorsal-ventral axis?

A

Up towards spine = dorsally

Away from spine = ventrally

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5
Q

What is superfically?

A

Inside - out

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6
Q

What is deep?

A

Out-inside

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7
Q

What term is used to describe the top of the legs?

A

Proximal, closest to the body

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8
Q

What term is used to describe towards the bottom of the legs?

A

Distally

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9
Q

What is the line down the middle of the leg, towards middle of the leg called?

A

Axial line

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10
Q

What is movement away from the axial line called?

A

Abaxially

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11
Q

When looking below the metatarsals, what is the term used to describe the top?

A

Dorsal aspect

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12
Q

When looking below the metatarsals, what is the term used to describe the back (front leg)?

A

Palmar aspect

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13
Q

When looking below the metatarsals, what is the term used to describe the back (hind leg)?

A

Plantar aspect

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14
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving legs away from each other

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15
Q

What is aduction?

A

Moving limbs towards each other

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16
Q

What is retraction?

A

Moving the limb backwards

17
Q

What is protraction?

A

Moving the limb forwards

18
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning legs outwards

19
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning legs inwards

20
Q

What is circinduction?

A

Moving limb in a circle motion

21
Q

How many cervical vertebrate do horses have?

A

7
1st and 2nd highly specialised
Wings prevent motion
Order = atlas (C1), axis (C2), C3, C4, C5, C6, C7

22
Q

What are some features of the equine skull?

A 
TOP
- external sagittal crest
- orbit
- infraorbital foramen 
- facial crest 
- naso-incisive notch
- canine teeth 
BOTTOM 
Lateral to these structures are the mandible with the mental foramen  
- facial artery branches off - take pulse in a horse
23
Q

From the sternum describe the order of the equine spine moving crainal-caudal

A 
Sternum 
Thoracic vertebrate
- 18 
Lumbar vertebrate 
- have very wide transverse processes 
Sacrum 
- in pelvis area 
Coccygeal vertebrate 
- dependant on tail length 
Purely muscular joint between forelimb and thorax

The moving animal - Gateway (19 decks)

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