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HAPP > Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

greek word meaning “cut up”, ana =? tomy=?

A

Anatomy; up, process of cutting

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2
Q

Form

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

science of body structures and the relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

macroscopic, seen by the eye; studied without microscope

A

Gross anatomy

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5
Q

study of different regions of the body such as the head and neck

A

Regional Anatomy

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6
Q

study of sepecific systems of the body such as the reproductive system and digestive system

A

Systematic Anatomy

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7
Q

cell, molecule level, needs microscope; cannot be seen by naked eye

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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8
Q

study of cells

A

Cytology

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9
Q

Study of tissues to identify cause of disease

A

Histopathology

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10
Q

study of tissues; groups of specialized cells that work together to perform functions

A

Histology

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11
Q

study of prenatal development; first eight weeks of development after fertilization of human being

A

Embryological Anatomy/Embryology

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12
Q

study of human growth and development from fertilized egg to mature adult to death

A

Developmental Anatomy

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13
Q

study of cellular structure

A

cell anatomy

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14
Q

study of structures of the body using xrays and noninvasive imaging techniques

A

radiographic anatomy/radiology

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15
Q

structural changes (macroscopic or microscopic) associated with disease

A

Pathological Anatomy

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16
Q

greek word for the “study of nature”; physio =?, logy =?

A

Physiology; nature, study of

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17
Q

study of functional properties of nerve cells

A

neurophysiology

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18
Q

study of hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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19
Q

chemical regulators in the blood

A

hormones

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20
Q

study of functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular physiology

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21
Q

study of body’s defense against disease - causing agents

A

Immunology

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22
Q

study of functions of the air passageways and lungs

A

Respiratory physiology

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23
Q

study of functions of the kidneys

A

renal physiology

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24
Q

study of functional changes associated with disease and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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25
Q

study of the form and function of the human body and their characteristics and the functional changes happening due to disease and aging

A

Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology

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26
Q

simplest level; indivisible

A

Atoms

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27
Q

Basic and smallest unit of all matter

A

Atoms

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28
Q

combination of two or more atoms

A

Molecules

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29
Q

containing atoms of more than one element

A

Compounds

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29
Q

smallest independent units of life

A

cells

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

made up of many similar cells that perform a specific function

A

Tissues

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32
Q

4 basic types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissues

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33
Q

covers body surfaces, line hollow organs and cavities and forms glands

A

epithelial tissues

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34
Q

connects, supports, protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues

A

Connective tissues

35
Q

carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

A

Nervous tissues

36
Q

contracts to make body parts move, generate heat

A

muscle tissues

37
Q

tissues that are joined together; have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes

A

Organ level

38
Q

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues

A

Organs

39
Q

consist of related organs with common function

A

system level

40
Q

11 organ system in the body

A
  • muscular system
  • nervous system
  • endocrine system
  • cardiovascular system
  • lymphatic system
  • respiratory system
  • urinary system
  • reproductive system
  • skeletal system
  • integumentary system
  • digestive system
41
Q

all the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

A

Organism level

42
Q

muscle usually attach to bones

A

skeletal muscle tissue

43
Q

generates action potentials to regulate body activities

A

Nerve impulse

44
Q

chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland/tissue to target organ

A

Hormones

45
Q
A
46
Q

Hormone-producing glands

A

Endocrine glands

47
Q

contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

A

Lymphatic system and immunity

48
Q

helps regulate production of red blood cellss

A

Urinary System

49
Q

physical and chemical breakdown of food

A

Digestive system

50
Q

transfers O from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air

A

Respiratory system

51
Q

heart pumps blood vessels; blood carries O and nutrients to cells and CO2 and wastes away from cells

A

Cardiovascular system

52
Q

produces heat

A

Muscular system

52
Q

detect changes in body’s internal and external environments

A

Nervous system

53
Q

gonads in males

A

testes

54
Q

gonads in females

A

ovaries

55
Q

produce gametes to form new organism and release hormones regulate production of hormones

A

Gonads

56
Q

produce milk

A

mammary gland

57
Q

sum of all the chemical processes occur in body

A

metabolism

57
Q

breakdown of complex substances into simpler components

A

catabolism

58
Q

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler compounds

A

Anabolism

59
Q

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

A

responsiveness

60
Q

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, any structure inside cells

A

movement

61
Q

increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells

A

growth

62
Q

development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state

A

differentation

63
Q

formation of new cells for tissue growth

A

reproduction

64
Q

production of new individual

A

reproduction

65
Q

homeostasis means

A

unchanging sameness, staying the same

66
Q

homeo =?, stasis =?

A

sameness, standing still

67
Q

maintanance of relatively interval environment that is essential to life

A

Homeostasis

68
Q

condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s interval environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes

A

Homeostasis

69
Q

fluid within cells

A

ICF (Intracellular Fluid

70
Q

fluid outside body cells

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

71
Q

ECF

fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues

A

Interstital fluid

72
Q

ECF

within blood vessels

A

Blood plasma

73
Q

ESF`

within lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph fluid

74
Q

ECF

within brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

75
Q

ECF

within joints

A

Synovial fluid

76
Q

ECF

in eyes

A

Aqueous humor and Vitreous body

77
Q

cycle of events in which status of body condition is monitored, evaluated, channged, re-monitored, reevaluated

A

Feedback system

78
Q

body structure that monitors changes in controlled condition and sends input to a control center

A

receptor

79
Q

called affarent pathway

A

receptor

80
Q

receives input and serves nerve impulses to the effector

A

Control center

81
Q

body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response/effect that changes the controlled condition

A

effectors

82
Q

an effector activated by control center that opposes stimulus

A

negative feedback

83
Q

rare in the body because they tend to increse the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value

respond by exaggerating stimulus

used to deal with stress

A

Positive feedback

HAPP (2 decks)

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