Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

Science of structure and function of the body

Question 2

What are the approaches in learning Anatomy?

Answer 2

Regional and Systemic

Question 3

What is Surface and Clinical/Applied Anatomy?

Answer 3

Surface: provides knowledge of structures that are palpable in living body
Clinical: emphasizes on structure and function of body in the practice of medicine

Question 4

What are the sub disciplines in anatomy?

Answer 4

Gross anatomy, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy

Question 5

What is the official terminology of anatomical sciences called?

Answer 5

Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology

Question 6

What is Anatomical Position?

Answer 6

Standard reference position of body used to describe location of structure.

Question 7

What are the 4 anatomical planes?

Answer 7

Median, Sagittal, Coronal (frontal), Transverse planes

Question 8

What is the median plane?

Answer 8

Vertical plane, divides body into right and left halves, also called mid sagittal plane

Question 9

What is sagittal plane?

Answer 9

Vertical plane, parallel to median plane

Question 10

What is coronal (frontal plane)?

Answer 10

Vertical plane, perpendicular to median plane, divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Question 11

What is transverse plane?

Answer 11

Horizontal plane, perpendicular to coronal and median plane, divides body into superior and inferior parts.

Question 12

What is superior and inferior?

Answer 12

Superior- cranial (nearer to the head)
Inferior- caudal (nearer to the feet)

Question 13

What is anterior and posterior?

Answer 13

Anterior: ventral (nearer to the front)
Posterior: dorsal (nearer to the back)

Question 14

What is medial and lateral position?

Answer 14

Medial: nearer to median plane
Lateral: farther from median plane

Question 15

What is proximal and distal position?

Answer 15

Proximal: nearer to trunk or point of origin
Distal: farther from trunk or point of origin

Question 16

What are superficial, intermediate and deep position?

Answer 16

Superficial: nearer to surface
Intermediate: between superficial and deep structure
Deep: farther from surface

Question 17

What is the dorsal and palmar surface of a hand?

Answer 17

Dorsal: dorsum
Palmar: palm

Question 18

What is the dorsal and plantar surface of a foot?

Answer 18

Dorsal: dorsum
Plantar: sole

Question 19

What are the 4 terms of laterality?

Answer 19

Bilateral: paired structures with left and right members
Unilateral: structure occurring on one side
Ipsilateral: same side of the body
Contralateral: opposite side of body

Question 20

What is the position of body lying on the back called?

Answer 20

Supine position

Question 21

What is the position of the body lying face downward called?

Answer 21

Prone position

Question 22

What is Flexion and Extension?

Answer 22

Flexion- bending of a part, decreasing angle between body parts
Extension- straightening a part,increasing angle between body parts

Question 23

What is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

Answer 23

Dorsiflexion- flexion at ankle joint (walking uphill)
Plantarflexion- foot and toes towards ground (standing on tiptoes)

Question 24

What is abduction and adduction?

Answer 24

Abduction- moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane
Adduction- moving towards the median plane in the coronal plane

Question 25

What is rotation? What is median and lateral rotation?

Answer 25

Rotation is moving a part of the body round it’s axis Medial rotation: rotation of anterior surface medially (towards median plane) Lateral rotation: rotation of anterior surface laterally (away from median plane)

Question 26

What is circumduction?

Answer 26

Circular movements of the limbs or parts of them combining in sequence with movements of flexion and extension, abduction and adduction.

Question 27

What is pronation and supination?

Answer 27

Pronation is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly

Question 28

What is eversion and inversion?

Answer 28

Eversion- turning the sole of the foot outward (laterally) Inversion- turning the sole of the foot inward (medially)

Question 29

What is opposition and reposition?

Answer 29

Opposition- pad of first digit brought to another digit Reposition- from opposition to its anatomical position

Question 30

What is protrusion and retrusion?

Answer 30

Protrusion- movement anteriorly Retrusion- movement posteriorly

Question 31

What is elevation and depression?

Answer 31

Elevation: raises or moves superiorly Depression: lowers or moves inferiorly