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General Anatomy > Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Science of structure and function of the body

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2
Q

What are the approaches in learning Anatomy?

A

Regional and Systemic

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3
Q

What is Surface and Clinical/Applied Anatomy?

A

Surface: provides knowledge of structures that are palpable in living body
Clinical: emphasizes on structure and function of body in the practice of medicine

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4
Q

What are the sub disciplines in anatomy?

A

Gross anatomy, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy

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5
Q

What is the official terminology of anatomical sciences called?

A

Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology

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6
Q

What is Anatomical Position?

A

Standard reference position of body used to describe location of structure.

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7
Q

What are the 4 anatomical planes?

A

Median, Sagittal, Coronal (frontal), Transverse planes

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8
Q

What is the median plane?

A

Vertical plane, divides body into right and left halves, also called mid sagittal plane

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9
Q

What is sagittal plane?

A

Vertical plane, parallel to median plane

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10
Q

What is coronal (frontal plane)?

A

Vertical plane, perpendicular to median plane, divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

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11
Q

What is transverse plane?

A

Horizontal plane, perpendicular to coronal and median plane, divides body into superior and inferior parts.

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12
Q

What is superior and inferior?

A

Superior- cranial (nearer to the head)
Inferior- caudal (nearer to the feet)

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13
Q

What is anterior and posterior?

A

Anterior: ventral (nearer to the front)
Posterior: dorsal (nearer to the back)

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14
Q

What is medial and lateral position?

A

Medial: nearer to median plane
Lateral: farther from median plane

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15
Q

What is proximal and distal position?

A

Proximal: nearer to trunk or point of origin
Distal: farther from trunk or point of origin

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16
Q

What are superficial, intermediate and deep position?

A

Superficial: nearer to surface
Intermediate: between superficial and deep structure
Deep: farther from surface

17
Q

What is the dorsal and palmar surface of a hand?

A

Dorsal: dorsum
Palmar: palm

18
Q

What is the dorsal and plantar surface of a foot?

A

Dorsal: dorsum
Plantar: sole

19
Q

What are the 4 terms of laterality?

A

Bilateral: paired structures with left and right members
Unilateral: structure occurring on one side
Ipsilateral: same side of the body
Contralateral: opposite side of body

20
Q

What is the position of body lying on the back called?

A

Supine position

21
Q

What is the position of the body lying face downward called?

A

Prone position

22
Q

What is Flexion and Extension?

A

Flexion- bending of a part, decreasing angle between body parts
Extension- straightening a part,increasing angle between body parts

23
Q

What is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

A

Dorsiflexion- flexion at ankle joint (walking uphill)
Plantarflexion- foot and toes towards ground (standing on tiptoes)

24
Q

What is abduction and adduction?

A

Abduction- moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane
Adduction- moving towards the median plane in the coronal plane

25
Q

What is rotation? What is median and lateral rotation?

A

Rotation is moving a part of the body round it’s axis
Medial rotation: rotation of anterior surface medially (towards median plane)
Lateral rotation: rotation of anterior surface laterally (away from median plane)

26
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Circular movements of the limbs or parts of them combining in sequence with movements of flexion and extension, abduction and adduction.

27
Q

What is pronation and supination?

A

Pronation is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly
Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly

28
Q

What is eversion and inversion?

A

Eversion- turning the sole of the foot outward (laterally)
Inversion- turning the sole of the foot inward (medially)

29
Q

What is opposition and reposition?

A

Opposition- pad of first digit brought to another digit
Reposition- from opposition to its anatomical position

30
Q

What is protrusion and retrusion?

A

Protrusion- movement anteriorly
Retrusion- movement posteriorly

31
Q

What is elevation and depression?

A

Elevation: raises or moves superiorly
Depression: lowers or moves inferiorly

General Anatomy (7 decks)

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