Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
Science of structure and function of the body
What are the approaches in learning Anatomy?
Regional and Systemic
What is Surface and Clinical/Applied Anatomy?
Surface: provides knowledge of structures that are palpable in living body
Clinical: emphasizes on structure and function of body in the practice of medicine
What are the sub disciplines in anatomy?
Gross anatomy, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy
What is the official terminology of anatomical sciences called?
Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology
What is Anatomical Position?
Standard reference position of body used to describe location of structure.
What are the 4 anatomical planes?
Median, Sagittal, Coronal (frontal), Transverse planes
What is the median plane?
Vertical plane, divides body into right and left halves, also called mid sagittal plane
What is sagittal plane?
Vertical plane, parallel to median plane
What is coronal (frontal plane)?
Vertical plane, perpendicular to median plane, divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
What is transverse plane?
Horizontal plane, perpendicular to coronal and median plane, divides body into superior and inferior parts.
What is superior and inferior?
Superior- cranial (nearer to the head)
Inferior- caudal (nearer to the feet)
What is anterior and posterior?
Anterior: ventral (nearer to the front)
Posterior: dorsal (nearer to the back)
What is medial and lateral position?
Medial: nearer to median plane
Lateral: farther from median plane
What is proximal and distal position?
Proximal: nearer to trunk or point of origin
Distal: farther from trunk or point of origin
What are superficial, intermediate and deep position?
Superficial: nearer to surface
Intermediate: between superficial and deep structure
Deep: farther from surface
What is the dorsal and palmar surface of a hand?
Dorsal: dorsum
Palmar: palm
What is the dorsal and plantar surface of a foot?
Dorsal: dorsum
Plantar: sole
What are the 4 terms of laterality?
Bilateral: paired structures with left and right members
Unilateral: structure occurring on one side
Ipsilateral: same side of the body
Contralateral: opposite side of body
What is the position of body lying on the back called?
Supine position
What is the position of the body lying face downward called?
Prone position
What is Flexion and Extension?
Flexion- bending of a part, decreasing angle between body parts
Extension- straightening a part,increasing angle between body parts
What is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
Dorsiflexion- flexion at ankle joint (walking uphill)
Plantarflexion- foot and toes towards ground (standing on tiptoes)
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction- moving away from the median plane in the coronal plane
Adduction- moving towards the median plane in the coronal plane
What is rotation? What is median and lateral rotation?
Rotation is moving a part of the body round it’s axis
Medial rotation: rotation of anterior surface medially (towards median plane)
Lateral rotation: rotation of anterior surface laterally (away from median plane)
What is circumduction?
Circular movements of the limbs or parts of them combining in sequence with movements of flexion and extension, abduction and adduction.
What is pronation and supination?
Pronation is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly
Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly
What is eversion and inversion?
Eversion- turning the sole of the foot outward (laterally)
Inversion- turning the sole of the foot inward (medially)
What is opposition and reposition?
Opposition- pad of first digit brought to another digit
Reposition- from opposition to its anatomical position
What is protrusion and retrusion?
Protrusion- movement anteriorly
Retrusion- movement posteriorly
What is elevation and depression?
Elevation: raises or moves superiorly
Depression: lowers or moves inferiorly
