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Analytical Chem >:( > Introduction to Analytical Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

A measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine

A

Analytical Chemistry

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2
Q

Fields analytical chemistry can be used

A
  1. Medicine
  2. Industry
  3. Environmental Quality
  4. Food
  5. Forensic Analysis
  6. Bioanalytical chemistry and Analysis
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3
Q

Function of Analytical Chemistry

A
  1. Fundamental Research
  2. Product Development
  3. Product Quality Control
  4. Monitoring and Control of Pollutants
  5. Monitoring and Clinical Studies
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4
Q

Identification of its constituents by qualitative chemical analysis.

A

Fundamental Research

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5
Q

The design and development of a new product will often depend upon establishing a line between its chemical composition and its physical properties or performance.

A

Product Development

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6
Q

To ensure that this requirement is met, both raw materials and finished products are subjected to extensive chemical analysis.

A

Product Quality Control

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7
Q

Residual heavy metals and organo-chlorine pesticides represent two well-known pollution problems.

A

Monitoring and Control of Pollutants

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8
Q

The levels of various elements and compounds in body fluids are important indicators of physiological disorders.

A

Monitoring and Clinical Studies

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9
Q

An analysis in which we determine the identity of the constituents (elements and compounds) in a sample.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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10
Q

An analysis in which we determine how much of a constituent species is present in a sample.

A

Quantative Analysis

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11
Q
  • The constituents of interest in a sample.
  • The object you are studying.
  • The components of a sample that are determined either through qualitative or quantitative analysis.
A

Analytes

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12
Q
  • The remainder of the sample of which the analyte forms a part.
  • All other constituents in a sample except for the analytes.
A

Matrix

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13
Q

occur with other substances but exhibits adegree of preference for the substance of interest.

A

Selective Reaction

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14
Q

occurs only with the substance of interest.

A

Specific Reaction

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15
Q

A statistical statement about the smallest amount of analyte that can be determined with confidence.

A

Detection limit

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16
Q

Describes the reproducibility of a result. If you measure a quantity several times and the values agree closely with one another, your measurement is ______. If the values vary widely, your measurement is not very ______.

A

Precision

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17
Q

Describes how close a measured value is to the “true” value.

A

Accuracy

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18
Q

Constituent of the sample which is to be studied by quantitative measurements or identified qualitatively.

A

Analyte

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19
Q

Highly accurate determination, usually of a valuable constituent in a material of large bulk, e.g. minerals and ores.

A

Assay

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20
Q
  • That proportion of a measurement which arises from sources other than the analyte itself
  • Individual contributions from instrumental sources, added reagents and the matrix can, if desired, be evaluated separately.
A

Background

21
Q

A measurement/observation in which the sample is replaced by a simulated matrix, the conditions otherwise being identical to those under which a sample would be analyzed.

A

Blank

22
Q

A procedure which enables the response of an instrument to be related to the mass, volume or concentration of analyte in a sample

A

Calibration

23
Q

Amount of a substance present in a given mass or volume of another substance.

A

Concentration

24
Q

A component of a sample

A

Constituent

25
Q

Smallest amount or concentration of an analyte that can be detected by a given procedure & with a given degree of confidence

A

Detection Limit

26
Q

A quantitative measurement of an analyte with an accuracy of considerably better than 10% of the amount present.

A

Determination

27
Q

Amount of a substance which, in a specified chemical reaction, produces, reacts with or can be indirectly equated with one mole of hydrogen ions.

A

Equivalent

28
Q

A semi-quantitative measure of the amount of an analyte present in a sample

A

Estimation

29
Q

An effect which alters or obscures the behavior of an analyte in an analytical procedure.

A

Interference

30
Q

A compound or element added to all calibration standards and samples in a constant known amount.

A

Internal Standard

31
Q

Treatment of sample with a reagent to prevent interference with the response of the analyte by other constituents of the sample

A

Masking

32
Q

The overall description of the instructions for a particular analysis

A

Method

33
Q
  • The random or indeterminate error associated with a measurement or result.
  • Sometimes called the variability or reproducibility, it can be represented statistically by the standard deviation or relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation)
A

Precision

34
Q

A substance whose purity and stability are particularly well established and with which other standards may be compared

A

Primary Standard

35
Q

A description of the practical steps involved in an analysis

A

Procedure

36
Q

A chemical used to procedure a specified reaction in relation to an analytical procedure

A

Reagent

37
Q

A substance or portion of a substance about which analytical information is required

A

Sample

38
Q

The change in the response from the analyte relative to a small variation in the amount being determined.

A

Sensitivity

39
Q

A pure substance which reacts in a quantitative and known stoichiometric manner with the analyte or reagent

A

Standard

40
Q

A method of quantitative analysis whereby the response from an analyte is measured before and after adding the amount of that analyte to the sample

A

Standard Addition

41
Q

Determination of the concentration of an analyte ir reagent solution from its reaction with a standard or primary standard

A

Standardization

42
Q

The principle upon which a group of methods is based

A

Technique

43
Q

Is essential to validate the method by analyzing standards which have an accepted analyte content, ana a matrix similar to that of the sample

A

Validation of Method

44
Q

law that states, atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

A

Law of Conservation Of Mass

45
Q

is the loss of electrons from an atom.

A

oxidation

46
Q

is the gain of electrons by an atom.

A

Reduction

47
Q

reaction always has two components, one that is oxidized and one that is reduced.

A

oxidation−reduction or redox reaction

48
Q

A redox reaction involves the transfer of ______ from one element to another.

A

electrons

Analytical Chem >:( (1 decks)

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