Introduction to Ammunitions Flashcards
Materials that consist of explosives or chemical agents with their characteristics mechanical devices designed for use against military objectives
Military Ammunition
Ammunition normally fired from rifles, pistols, machine guns and small automatic cannons, such as the 20 millimeter cannon. The ammunition falls within a range from caliber. 22 to 30 millimeter
Small Arms
Ammunition in this group includes that which is fired by large cannons from 37 millimeters up to 8 inch Howitzer
Artillery
There are two basic types of grenades;
- Hand grenades
- Rifle grenades
These munitions are used for signaling, illuminating and simulating. They include flares, smoke and light signal and flash and noise simulator
Pyrotechnics
These ammunitions are used for many purposes from anti-tank systems to signaling. It is easily identified because it is normally constructed with fins for stablization in flight and has rocket motor nozzles (vinturi) at the end
Rockets
Any high explosive, chemical, pyrotechnic, or practice munitions designed for aerial delivery
Bomb
A container or device used to carry and release sub munitions
Dispensers
Are munitions dipensed from dispenser
Dispensed Munitions
Explosive items planted in the path of the enemy to hinder movement or deny access to certain territory
Landmine
A rocket with guidance and control system incorporated therein that guides it to the target after launch using heat seekers, radar, laser, etc. Essentially the same type of war heads found on the modern rockets are used in guided missiles, such as he, frag, heat, chemical and nuclear
Guided Missiles
These munitions include the various demoltion block such as TNT and plastic compositions. Also found within this group are devices used in setting up demolition systems.
Demolition Materials, this includes the fuze, detonating cord, blasting caps and firing devices with detonators
Classification of Ammunition
5
- Type (Physical Characteristics)
- Standardization
- Use
- Form
- Kind of Filler
Classification of Ammo According to Type
12
- Small Arms
- Artillery
- Grenades
- Landmines
- Rockets
- JATO
- Bombs
- Dispenser
- Demolition Materials
- Guided Missiles
- Pyrotechnics
- Dispensed Munition
Classification of Ammo According to Standardization
2
- Adopted Category
- Obsolete Catergory
Classification of Ammo According to Use
3
- Service
- Practice
- Drill or Dummy
Classification of Ammo According to Form
4
- Fixed
- Semi Fixed
- Separated
- Separate Loading
Generally, ammunition is identified by printing and marking which include the following:
7
- Model
- Lot Numbers
- Federal Stock Number
- DODIC
- DODAC
- Nomenclature
- Color Coding
The primer is located in a small well or socket, in the center of the cartridge case head
Classification of Small Arms Cartridges
Center Fire
The priming mixture is loaded in the flat rim at the base of the cartridge case
Classification of Small Arms Cartridges
Rim Fire
Examples of Combat Ammo (Service)
6
- Armor piercing
- Grenade Cartridge
- Armor piercing incendiary
- Incendiary
- Tracer
- Ball
Non-Combat (Special)
5
- Blank
- High Pressure Test
- Dummy
- Match
- Frangible
The complete round has the cartridge case permanently crimped to the projectile containing a non-adjustable propelling charge and a primer
Artillery Configurations
Fixer
The cartridge case is loose fitted over the base of the projectile. The propelling charge is separately bagged in the cartridge case and is adjustable for the desired range
Artillery Configurations
Semi-Fixed
The primed, adjustable propelling charge and the projectile come unassembled and are loaded separately in the weapon
Artillery Configurations
Separate Loading
Consist of sealed primed cartridge case containing non-adjustable amounts of propellant within specfic cases. By choosing a certain case one can thus adjust distance
Artillery Configurations
Separated
Small, offensive or defensive munitions, orginally designed to be thrown by hand but is now also designed to be projected from rifles, special laucnhers and dispensing munitions
Grenades
Effect and/or Filler or Function
7
- Fragmentation (Defensive)
- Blast (Offensive)
- Heat
- Riot Control
- Smoke
- Incendiary
- Practice/Training
Contains filler maybe made of steel, cast iron, rubber, plastic, pottery, etc.
Three Main Components
Body
High Explosive (HE), riot control agents, and smoke
Three Main Components
Filler
The part of the grenade used to initiate the explosive train
Three Main Components
Fuze
Deliberately placed and commonly place individual or in cross contry groupings
Types of Mine Fields
Deliberate
Normally improvised and placed to attack special targets or situations
Types of Mine Fields
Special
Delivered by artillery, aircraft, missile, ground dispenser or thrown by hand. They are laid without regard to pattern
Types of Mine Fields
Scatterable
Container for the use and main explosive charge. Mine bodies can be made of wood, glass or plastic are designated as non-metallic or non-detectable
Four Main Components of Landmines
Body
Provides the energy necessary for the mine to inflict the desired damage of effect on the targets
Four Main Components of Landmines
Explosive Charge
Usually activated by a direct force from the target which is transformed into an internal action to detonate the mine
Four Main Components of Landmines
Fuze (S)
Not directly part of a landmine but necessary for the system included:
Four Main Components of Landmines, 5 Other Components
- connectors
- adapters carrying case
- demolition wire
- attachment kits
- blasting machine
Landmine Classification
8
- Anti-Personnel (AP)
- Anti-Vehicle (AV)
- Anti-Tank (AT)
- Inert
- Harassment
- Practice
- Training
- Improvised
Special Precautions
- Never use oil or grease on small arms cartridges
- Whenever practicable, store small arms ammunitions under cover
