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Anatomy Abdominal Viscera > introduction to abdominal viscera Slides > Flashcards

introduction to abdominal viscera Slides Flashcards

1
Q

the peritonium and peritoneal cavity is what type of a space?

A

it is a potential space

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2
Q

what is the differecnes in the peritoneal cavity in males and females?

A

in males it is closed and it has a communication with external in females

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3
Q

what are the two layers of peritoneum called?

A

parietal and visceral

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4
Q

the parietal peritoneum lines what?

A

the abdominal wall

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5
Q

the visceral peritoneum covers what?

A

the organs

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6
Q

define intraperitoneal organs?

A

organs that lie inside the parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

define retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs that lie outside the parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

what are the 5 types of tissue that connect viscera?

A

messentery, omentum, peritoneal ligaments, peritoneal recess, peritoneal fold

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of mesentery?

A

double layer, carries VAN’s, and may be mobile with the organ

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10
Q

what are the characteristcs of omentum?

A

double layer and connects the stomach, duodenum and other organs

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11
Q

what are the char of peritoneal ligaments?

A

double layer and connects organs with other structures

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12
Q

what is a peritoneal recess?

A

a pouch caused by a fold

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13
Q

what is the peritoneal fold?

A

reflection of peritoneum by a VAN

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14
Q

what is the main function of a mesentery?

A

helps keeps tubes in close correspondence with each other without compressing the tubes

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15
Q

why does a mesentery need to be mobile sometimes?

A

because it needs to accommodate the food the intestine is carrying.

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16
Q

what does the mesentery help absorb and process?

A

nutrients

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17
Q

what are the two types of omentum?

A

greater and lesser

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18
Q

the omentum is made up of what type of tissue that helps cover organs?

A

fat

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19
Q

why wont we see the guts when we first open the viscera?

A

because it will be covered by the greater omentum

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20
Q

what is the lesser omentum going to connecting?

A

the stomach and the liver

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21
Q

what ligament is going to help anchor the liver anteriorly?

A

fallsiform ligament

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22
Q

what is the importance of the liver in correspondence with the diaphragm?

A

the liver is going to help relate movement from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity

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23
Q

what does the transverse mesoncolon help anchor?

A

it helps anchor the colon to the backside of the abdominal cavity

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24
Q

the abdominal aorta is going to branch into what?

A

the celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, renal arteries and the right and left common iliac artery

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25
Q

the common iliac artery is then going to split into what?

A

the internal and external iliac artery.

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26
Q

the external iliac artery is going to change name into?

A

femoral artery

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27
Q

what does it mean if something goes through the portal venous system?

A

it goes to the liver first to get rid of all the byproducts before it is sent back to central systems

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28
Q

which nerves to the viscera are going to be parasympathetic?

A

vagal trunks

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29
Q

which nerves to the viscera are going to be sympathetic?

A

sympathetic trunk, celiac ganglia/plexus, SMA ganglia/plexus, greater thoracic, lesser thoracic, least thoracic, lumbar and pelvis splanchnic

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30
Q

what are the 3 subdivisons of the viscera?

A

foregut, midgut, and hindgut

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31
Q

what structures make up the foregut?

A

esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, superior pancreas, spleen, proximal 1/3 of duodenum

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32
Q

what is the blood supply of the foregut?

A

ceiliac trunk and portal venous system

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33
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the foregut?

A

greater thoracic splanchnic

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34
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?

A

vagus

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35
Q

what are the strucutres that make up the midgut?

A

distal 2/3 of the duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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36
Q

what is the blood supply of the midgut?

A

SMA

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37
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the midgut?

A

lesser thoracic splanchnic

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38
Q

what is the parasympathic innervation of the midgut?

A

vagus

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39
Q

what are the strucutres of the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectal canal

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40
Q

what is the blood supply of the hindgut?

A

IMA

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41
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

lumbar and sacral splanchnic

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42
Q

what is the parasympatheitc innervation of the hindgut?

A

pelvic splanchnic

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43
Q

what structures are considered retroperitoneal?

A

kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta and omental foramen

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44
Q

the omental foramen AKA as?

A

epiploic foramen

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45
Q

the omental foramen is the passage of?

A

hepatic artery, vein and common bile duct

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46
Q

what does supracolic mean?

A

anything that is above the transverse mesoncolon

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47
Q

what does infracolic mean?

A

anything below the transverse mesoncolon

48
Q

how does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

through the esophogeal hiatus left of the median plane

49
Q

the esophagus enters the stomach the what level?

A

at the level of T10 or the 7th costal cartilage

50
Q

what is the esophagus covered by?

A

peritoneum

51
Q

what nerve is going to travel on top of the esophagus?

A

vagus

52
Q

what are the two curvatures associated with the stomach?

A

greater and lesser

53
Q

in the lesser curvature there is something called an angular notch….what is that?

A

it is where we being to see the liver

54
Q

what are the 4 sections of the stomach?

A

cardia, body, fundus, and pylorus

55
Q

define cardia?

A

it is where food enters into the stomach

56
Q

define body?

A

the portion that holds the food

57
Q

define pylorus?

A

funnel going into the small intestine

58
Q

define fundus?

A

the top round portion that gets filled when we go to the buffet

59
Q

the lesser omentum comes off which curvature ?

A

lesser curvature

60
Q

the greater omentum comes off which curvature?

A

greater curvature

61
Q

what are the 5 functions of the stomach?

A

converts food to chyme, enzymatic digestion, releases HCL, pH ranges 1-4, produces gastrin

62
Q

what is gastrin?

A

it is a hormone that stimulates the production of stomach acids

63
Q

what are the 4 parts of the pylorus?

A

antrum, canal, sphincter, orifice

64
Q

which parts of the pylorus are going to control chyme moving through?

A

the canal and sphincter

65
Q

what structures are going to be posterior to the stomach?

A

pancreas and spleen

66
Q

what strucutres are going to be anterior to the stomach?

A

diaphragm, left lobe of liver, and anterior abdominal wall

67
Q

what two ligaments are associated with the lesser omentum?

A

heptogastric ligament and heptoduodenal ligament

68
Q

from the celiac trunk in the lesser curvature it turns into what?

A

right and left gastric arteries

69
Q

from the celiac trunk in the greater curvature it turns into what>?

A

right and left gastroomental arteries

70
Q

what does the small intestine extend from?

A

the pylorus to the iliocecal junction

71
Q

what are the sympathetic controls of the small intestin?

A

reduce motility of processing, reduce secretion, vasoconstrciton

72
Q

what are the parasympatheitc controls of the small intestine?

A

stimulate secretion and increase motility

73
Q

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

74
Q

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

75
Q

what are the char of the superior portion?

A

short, has a messenrery, and is anterolateral to L1

76
Q

what are the char of the descending portion?

A

descends right of L1-L3 and is RP

77
Q

what are the char of the horizontal portion?

A

crosses over at L3 and is RP

78
Q

what are the char of the ascending portion?

A

left of L3, RP, and is a short section

79
Q

what are the char of the entire duodenum?

A

C- shaped which engulfs the pancreas, shortest and widest of the small intestine, joins the jejunum at the duodnaljejunal flxure.

80
Q

the duodenaljejunal flexure is going to be held in place by what?

A

the suspensary muscle of the duodenum

81
Q

what is the purpose of the flexure and the suspensory muscle when we eat alot of food?

A

the suspensary muscle will pull on the flexure superiorly so more food can travel through

82
Q

what is special about the descending portion of the duodenum?

A

it has the major and minor pappilae

83
Q

what are the functions of the duodenum?

A

furthur process chyme, produce mucous, Ph of 6, releases bile to emulsify fat, common bile duct will join the main pancreatic duct

84
Q

what 2 ducts make up the common bile duct?

A

the hepatic bile duct from the liver and the cystic duct from the gallbladder

85
Q

what is the relationship between the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct and their purpose in the duodenum?

A

common bile duct - will release bile into the duodenum to help emulsify fat through the major duodenal papplia
main pancreatic duct - has enzymes that are transmitted though the head and through the duct into the major duodenal pappila

86
Q

through what glands will the production of mucous be made in the duodenum?

A

brunner glands

87
Q

what is the blood supply of the duodenum?

A

duodenal artery from the ceilac trunk proximally and the SMA distal to the common bile duct

88
Q

where does the duodneal vein drain into?

A

portal venous system

89
Q

what is the parasympathic innervation of the duodenum?

A

vagus

90
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the duodenum?

A

sympathetic plexi

91
Q

if we have a tumor on the uncinate process of the pacnreas it can compress which strucutre?

A

portal vein

92
Q

what are the functions of the jejunum?

A

furthur process of chyme, ph 7-8, absorbtion of water and electrolytes, flow is controlled by the suspensary ligament of the duodenum, located in the umbilical region

93
Q

where does the jejunum receive its blood supply from?

A

colic branches of the SMA

94
Q

what is the parasympatheic innervation of the jejunum?

A

posterior vagal trunks

95
Q

what is the sympatheitc innervation of the jejunum?

A

celiac and superior messenteric plexus

96
Q

which is longer the jejunum or ileum?

A

ileum

97
Q

how many meters do both the jejunum and ileum make up?

A

6-7 meters

98
Q

where does the ileum lie?

A

suprapubic region

99
Q

what is the ph of the ileum?

A

7-8

100
Q

where does the ileum receive its blood supply from?

A

colic branches of the SMA

101
Q

what are the differences between the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunum: less encroaching fat, larger windows, longer vasa recta, less complex arcades, wider and thicker, plicae circularies
Ileum - more encroaching fat, smaller windows, shorter vasa recta, more complex arcades, peyer patches.

102
Q

what are plicae circularies?

A

they are the folds that help with peristalisis

103
Q

where is peristalsilis found to be stronger?

A

jejunum

104
Q

what are peyer patches?

A

secondary lymph structures that are found in the ileum

105
Q

what does the large intestine consist of?

A

cecum, colon, appendix, rectum, anal canal

106
Q

what are the 3 types of teniae coli?

A

free (anterior), omental (lateral), mesoncolic (medial)

107
Q

what is the point of anchor for all three teniae coli?

A

appendix

108
Q

what is haustra?

A

the sacs that is created from the teniae coli

109
Q

explain the transition from the small intestine to the large intestine

A

ileum enters the cecum, forms the iliocecal junction, folds create a ilioceal valve

110
Q

is the cecum retro or intraperitoneal in nature?

A

it is retro

111
Q

where is the appendix located?

A

near the iliocecal junction

112
Q

what is the appendix made up of?

A

it is made up of all the 3 types of teniae coli

113
Q

what is the function of the appendix?

A

no apparent function anymore, it used to digest cullulose in early man

114
Q

is the appendix intra or retroperitoneal in nature?

A

intra

115
Q

where does the appendix refer pain to ?

A

the suprapubic region

116
Q

why does the appendix refer pain to the suprapubic region?

A

because of the afferent fibers from sympatheitc n of T10

Anatomy Abdominal Viscera (3 decks)

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