Introduction to abdominal sonography Flashcards
Anatomic postiion
Standing, eyes forward, arms are at the sides with palms and toes forward
The transverse plan is divided into…
upper and lower portions
The sagittal plane is divided into…
Right and left portions
The coronal plane is divided into…
Anterior and posterior portions
When the patient is supine the patients head is facing…
Patients head is facing UP
When the patient is in the prone position the patients head is…
The patients face is on the table
What are the 4 quadrants
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Dorsal cavity
More posterior and is divided into the cranial (brain) cavity and the spinal cavity
Ventral cavity
Anterior body surface cavity that is further divided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity
Crua
diaphragmatic bands that anchor the diaphragm
Right and left crus
anchors the diaphragm around the esophagus
Arcuate ligaments / Median arcuate ligament
Connects the medial boarders of the two aura (right and left crus) as they cross anterior to the aorta
Thoracic cavity has 2 pleural sacs that…
each contains a ling with the mediastinum between them
Mediastinum
Heart, thymus gland, part of the esophagus and the trachea
Pericardial sac
cavity around the heart
Morison’s pouch
Between the R lobe of liver and R kidney, this is an area where fluid collects
Pouch of Douglas
aka posterior cul-de-sac, posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum
Anterior cul-de-sac
anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder
Ascites
Fluid in the abdominal cavity (likely found in Morisons pouch)
Pleural effusion
fluid in the thoracic cavity, will be superior to the diaphragm
Acoustic window
optimal location on the body for placement of the transducer
Echogenicity
the quality of echos (comparative term)
Anechoic/ sonolucent
No echoes - will appear black/dark on the image
Hypoechoic
fewer echoes- dark but not black on image
Hyperechoic/ echogenic
abundant echoes- bright gray/white on the image
Isoechoic
Same echogenicity- can be difficult to see on the US
Homogeneous
uniform in texture
Heterogeneous
irregular in texture
Diffuse
infiltrated
Localized
A mass or masses
Three qualities of a true cyst
Anechoic, defined walls, posterior through transmission
Complex
Having mixed echogenicies, a structure that has both fluid and solid components
Fluid-fluid level
2 fluids within a structure, a thick liquid within a watery liquid
Loculated
thin (benign) separations within a watery mass or tumor
Septated
thick (malignant) separations within a watery mass or tumor
Shadowing
failure of the sound beam to pass through an object resulting in a signal void behind structures, aka an artifact (ex. gallstones, bone or air)
Acoustic enhancement
area of brightness seen distal to reflector, sound travels easily through
Retroperitoneal organs
SADPUCKER: Suprarenal glands(adrenal), Aorta/IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidney & bladder, Esophagus and Rectum
What does SADPUCKER stand for
The retroperitoneal organs: Suprarenal glands(adrenal), Aorta/IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidney & bladder, Esophagus and Rectum
Thoracic and abdominal cavities are divided by…
Diaphragm
Right lateral decubitus/ left lateral decubitus
Up on the side 90 degrees
Right posterior oblique/ left posterior oblique
Up on side 45 degrees
