Introduction To A&P And Embryology

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of an organism

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The study of function of a living organism and its components

Question 3

Why is A&P important in audiology?

Answer 3

In order to identify, diagnose, treat and monitor disorders of the auditory and vestibular system.

Question 4

Explain Anatomical Position

Answer 4

Body is erect; palms, arms and hands face forward.

Question 5

Axis

Answer 5

The imaginary midline which the body pivots.

Question 6

Frontal or Coronal Plane

Answer 6

Divides body into front and back halves

Question 7

Sagittarius plane

Answer 7

Any plane that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 8

Midsagittal plane

Answer 8

Divides body into right and left halves

Question 9

Transverse or Horizontal Plane

Answer 9

Divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves.

Question 10

Anterior

Answer 10

Ventral - Toward the front or belly

Question 11

Posterior

Answer 11

Dorsal - Toward the back or rear

Question 12

Superior

Answer 12

Cranial - Toward the head or upper end

Question 13

Inferior

Answer 13

Caudal - Toward the tail

Question 14

Medial

Answer 14

Mesial - Toward the midline or median plane

Question 15

Lateral

Answer 15

Away from the midline

Question 16

Proximal

Answer 16

Toward the point of attachment

Question 17

Distal

Answer 17

Away from the point of attachment

Question 18

Adduct

Answer 18

Toward the midline

Question 19

Abduct

Answer 19

Away from the midline

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

Rostral - Cranial - Toward the head (head of the table)

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

Caudal - toward the tail

Question 22

Dorsal

Answer 22

Back

Question 23

Ventral

Answer 23

Front (belly)

Question 24

Prone

Answer 24

Body horizontal with face down

Question 25

Supine

Answer 25

Body horizontal with face up

Question 26

Flexion

Answer 26

Bending at a joint

Question 27

Extension

Answer 27

Straightening out a joint

Question 28

Ipsilateral

Answer 28

Same side

Question 29

Contralateral

Answer 29

Opposite side

Question 30

What are the 2 parts of the auditory system?

Answer 30

Peripheral Auditory System and Central Auditory System

Question 31

What are the 4 parts of the Peripheral Auditory System?

Answer 31

1) The outer ear
2) The middle ear
3) The inner ear
4) The auditory nerve

Question 32

The external auditory meatus is what part of the outer ear?

Answer 32

The canal

Question 33

The internal auditory meatus is what part of the ear?

Answer 33

The auditory nerve

Question 34

The internal auditory nerve is made up of what nerves?

Answer 34

1) The auditory nerve
2) The facial nerve
3) The vestibular nerve

Question 35

The central auditory system includes what?

Answer 35

1) Cochlear Nucleus (CN)
2) Superior Oliver’s Complex (SOC)
3) Lateral Lemniscus (LL)
4) Inferior Colliculus (IC)
5) Medial Geniculate Body (MGB)
6) Auditory Subcortex
7) Cortex
8) Interhemispheric Pathways

Question 36

When does the ear begin to form?

Answer 36

3 weeks gestation

Question 37

When is the ear complete?

Answer 37

Before the end of the 3rd trimester

Question 38

When does the ear begin to function as an auditory system?

Answer 38

8 months - inner, middle, and outer ear emerge, mature and begin to function together

Question 39

Name the 3 layers formed in the embryo?

Answer 39

1) Ectoderm - outside
2) Mesoderm - middle
3) Endoderm - inside