Introduction: The Environment at Risk

Question 1

Population Dynamics

Answer 1

the ever-changing interrelationships among the set of variables that influence the demographic makeup of populations as well as what variables influence the growth and decline of populations. among these variables are fertility, death rates, and migration

Question 2

fertility rate (total fertility rate)

Answer 2

The number of children birthed by the end of childbearing.

Question 3

Environmental Risk Transition

Answer 3

changes in environmental risks that happen because of economic development in less-developed regions. poor quality of air, food, water.

Question 4

Demographic Transition

Answer 4

alteration over time in a population’s fertility, mortality, and makeup.

Question 5

Stage One of Demographic Transition

Answer 5

most of the population is young. fertility and mortality rates are high, the population is small.

Question 6

Stage Two of Demographic Transition

Answer 6

a drop in mortality rates; fertility remains high, and there is a rapid increase in population.

Question 7

Stage Three of Demographic Transition

Answer 7

dropping fertility rates that cause more of a distribution of the population.

Question 8

Carrying Capacity

Answer 8

the maximum number of people that can be supported sustainably by a given environment.

Question 9

Biodiversity

Answer 9

the different types and variability of animal and plant species, and the ecosystems they live in.

Question 10

Environment

Answer 10

the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and determine form and survival.

Question 11

Hippocrates & his contribution

Answer 11

Greek philosopher. 460-370 B.C.E. “The Father of Medicine”. Promoted doctrine of maintaining equilibrium among the body’s four humors.

Question 12

Hot Topics in Environmental Health

Answer 12

Air quality, nuclear power, conservation, oceans, endangered species/wildlife impacts, pesticides and herbicides, energy resources, pollution, environmental justice, radioactive waste, environmental protection, recycling, forests, solid waste, global warming, war and terrorism, greenhouse gases, water resources, hazardous wastes, wetlands, land use.

Question 13

Careers in the Environmental Health Field

Answer 13

Hygienist, Toxicologist, Environmental Health Inspector, Food Inspector, Vector Control Specialist, Researcher

Question 14

Ancient Romans Contribution

Answer 14

Developed the first infrastructure for maintaining public health

Question 15

Factors that contribute to Urbanization

Answer 15

industrialization, food available, employment, lifestyle, political conflict escape

Question 16

Consequences of population increase

Answer 16

urbanization, over-taxing, carrying capacity, food insecurity and loss of biodiversity.

Question 17

Epidemiologic Transition

Answer 17

shift in morbidity patterns and mortality