Introduction Terminology Flashcards
Acute hazards
This type of hazard causes immediate harm (e.g. carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide inhalation, etc.)
Chronic hazards
This type of hazard does not cause immediate harm, but may cause harm after extended exposure (e.g. mesothelioma from asbestos exposure, lung cancer from smoking, etc.)
Hazard
Any source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects on someone or something
Hazardous substance
Any material or substance posing a physical or health hazard
LD50 (Lethal Dose)
The amount of an ingested substance killing 50% of a test sample and expressed in milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg)
PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit)
The maximum amount of a chemical substance an individual may be exposed to under OSHA regulations
Risk
The probability of danger, harm, or loss (e.g. cigarette smokers are 12 times more likely to die of lung cancer than non-smokers
Risk assessment
A process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating potential risks or hazards in lab
Routes of Exposure
Four routes contaminants enter the body:
Ingestión
Inhalation
Injection
Skin contact
STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)
an exceptable exposure over 15 minutes
Signal word
Indicated a hazards severity level and found on the SDS and chemical labels. Danger describes more severe hazards. Warnings describes less severe hazards.
TWA (Time Waited Average)
the average exposures e over a specified period (usually eight hours)
Toxicity
The degree to which substance damage organisms
Hazardous materials include;
Chemicals, biological agents, radioactive materials
Three major categories present in the lab:
Toxic chemicals, biological agents, physical hazards
Exposure
How hazardous materials enter the body: ingesting, inhaling, absorbing or injecting the hazardous material
Toxicity
the degree to which a substance can damage an organism (happens when exposure occurs and impacted by dosage, duration, and exposure to other materials
Hazard v. Risk
Hazard: anything that can cause injury, illness, property damage, etc.
Risk: probability and severity of a worker being harmed by the hazard
Labels must include
Product identifier
Supplier identifier
Precautionary statements
Pictograms
Signal word
Hazard statement
Supplemental information
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) include:
Chemical name and identifier
Hazards
Fire fighting guidelines
Disposal requirements
Exposure control
Pictograms
Signal words
PPE info
