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Introduction to Psychology > Introduction (Psychology, Goals, School of Thoughts and Perspective) > Flashcards

Introduction (Psychology, Goals, School of Thoughts and Perspective) Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology comes from latin words “Psyche Logia” meaning

A

Study of Soul

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2
Q

Psychology is a science of _________ and ________.

A

Behavior and Mental Processes

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3
Q

Outward/overt actions and reactions

A

Behavior

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4
Q

Internal/covert activity of our minds

A

Mental Processes

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5
Q

SOT focuses on introspective where it relies on the subject’s feelings and thoughts

A

Structuralism

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6
Q

SOT focuses on why; inspired by Charles Darwin

A

Functionalism

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7
Q

SOT focuses on unconscious motive; “free associate”

A

Psychoanalysis

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8
Q

Psychology is founded or started by ______

A

Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig

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9
Q

SOT focuses on observable behavior

A

Behaviorism

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10
Q

A set of theories focuses on the importance of early xp in shaping consciousness, thoughts, and feelings

A

Psychodynamic Theories/Perspective

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11
Q

A set of theories focuses on nurturing personal growth

A

Humanistic Perspective

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12
Q

Four Goals of Psychology

A

Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control

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13
Q

Goal: What is happening?

A

Description

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14
Q

Goal: Why is it happening?

A

Explanation

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15
Q

General explanation of a set of observations and facts

A

Theory

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16
Q

Goal: Will it happen again?

A

Prediction

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17
Q

Goal: How can it be changed?

A

Control

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18
Q

He developed the technique of the Objective Introspection process

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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19
Q

Process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

A

Objective Introspection process

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20
Q

A student of Wundt; he brought structuralism in US

A

Edward Titchener

21
Q

A student of Titchener; first woman with PhD

A

Margaret Washburn

22
Q

Why did structuralism die in 1900s?

A

Because it is subjective and biased

23
Q

SOT focuses on how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

A

Functionalism

24
Q

He founded Functionalism SOT

A

William James

25
Q

Functionalism influences modern fields of the ff:

A

Educational, Evolutional, Industrial/Organization Psychology

26
Q

She was denied Ph.D. because she’s a woman

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

27
Q

SOT is known as the “good figure” psychology focuses on the human mind and behavior as a whole

A

Gestalt Psychology

28
Q

In Gestalt Psychology, when trying to make sense, objects are elements of a ______ system

A

Complex

29
Q

Gestalt is founded by ________ who studied sensation and perception

A

Wertheimer

30
Q

Gestalt ideas are now part of ______ psychology: perception, learning, memory, thought processes and problem solving

A

Cognitive

31
Q

Gestalt’s core is __________

A

Holism

32
Q

SOT focuses on the “unconscious mind” into which we push or repress our threatening urges and desires; also focuses on the importance of early childhood xp

A

Psychoanalysis

33
Q

He founded psychoanalysis SOT

A

Freud

34
Q

Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior only wherein it must be directly _____ and ______.

A

Seen and measured

35
Q

He founded behaviorism SOT based on Pavlov who demonstrated that reflex could be conditioned or learned; he also believed phobias were learned

A

James Watson

36
Q

She is the early pioneer in behavioral therapy.

A

Mary Cover Jones

37
Q

MP modern version of psychoanalysis focuses on dev’t of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual motivations

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

38
Q

MP focuses on behavioral conditioning founded by BF Skinner; 20th century

A

Behavioral Perspective

39
Q

He studied operant conditioning of voluntary behavior

A

BF Skinner

40
Q

It is also known as the instrumental conditioning method of learning reward and punishment of behavior; behavior and +- consequence

A

Operant Conditioning

41
Q

MP focuses on free will; freedom to choose own destiny

A

Humanistic Perspective

42
Q

Early founders of Humanistic Perspective

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

43
Q

Achieving one’s full potential/actual self

A

Self Actualization

44
Q

MP focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving and learning

A

Cognitive Perspective

45
Q

MP focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

A

Sociocultural Perspective

46
Q

MP focuses on the attribute of human and animal behavior to bio events occurring in the body such as genetic influence, hormones, and activity of nervous system

A

Biopsychological Perspective

47
Q

MP focuses on biological bases of universal mental characteristic that all human shares such as how the mind works, behaviors seen as adaptive or survival

A

Evolutionary Perspective

48
Q

MP focuses on psychological subject matter that attempts to explain experiences from the point of view of the subject via the analysis of their written or spoken word; refers to the study of what is objective in subjective experience; phenomena experienced by human persons

A

Phenomenological Perspective

49
Q

He founded the Phenomenological Perspective

A

Hussler

Introduction to Psychology (1 decks)

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