INTRODUCTION & POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Flashcards
It is the natural environment and the biodiversity contained within that is necessary for the provision of the ecosystem goods and
services “essential to basic human needs such as survival, climate regulation, habitat for other species, water supply, food, fiber,
fuel, recreation, cultural amenities, and the raw materials required for all economic production”
Natural capital
State the 9 Natural Capital Degradation
Air Pollution
Climate Change
Soil Erosion
Shrinking Forests
Decreased Wildlife Habitats
Species Extinction
Aquifer Depletion
Declining Ocean Fisheries
Water Pollution
It refers to the degradation of normally renewable natural resources
Natural Capital Degradation
What is the formula of the environmental impact of population?
Population (P) x Consumption per person (affluence A) x Technological impact per unit of consumption (T) = Environmental impact of population (I)
State the life cycle phases in order.
Raw Material Extraction
Production
Transport
Product Use
Disposal
State the waste management pyramid from most favoured option to least favoured option.
Prevention
Minimisation
Reuse
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
What are the 3P?
Pollution Prevention Pays
“Pollution is waste, and waste today leads to shortages tomorrow.”
3 M’s VP Joe Ling
State the 6 Pollution Prevention
Material Selection
Waste Gen Mechanisms
Operating Conditions
Material Storage and Transfer
Energy Consumption
Process Safety
It refers to contamination of the environment by a chemical or other agent such as noise or heat that is harmful to health, survival, or activities of humans or other organisms.
Pollution
What are the two types of pollution?
Natural
Anthropogenic
A chemical out of place
Pollutant
State the 7 categories of pollutant
Organic chemicals
Inorganic chemicals
Organometallic chemicals
Acid
Physical
Radioactive
Biological
A source of pollution that is single and identifiable.
Point source
A source of pollution that is dispersed and difficult to identify.
Non-point source
It refers to the buildup of a persistent toxic substance, such as
certain pesticides, in an organism’s body, often in fatty
tissues.
Bioaccumulation
It refers to the increased concentration of toxic chemicals, such as PCBs, heavy metals, and certain pesticides, in the tissues of organisms that are at higher levels in food webs.
Biological magnification
It refers to the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at a certain temperature over a specific time period.
Biological Oxygen Demand
It addresses all the physical,
chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting
behaviours.
Environmental Health
It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can
potentially affect health.
Environmental Health
It is targeted towards
preventing disease and creating health supportive environments.
Environmental Health
It studies the effects of toxicants on living organisms, the mechanisms that cause toxicity, and develops ways to prevent or minimize adverse effects.
Toxicology
It involves studying how chemicals (toxicants), biological agents
(disease), and physical hazards (accidents, radiation) affect the
health of human populations.
Epidemiology
Adverse effects that occur within a short period after high-level
exposure to a toxicant.
Acute toxicity
