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DEV BIO > Introduction Part 1 > Flashcards

Introduction Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

most animals develop from a single cell, fertilized egg called

A

zygote

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2
Q

The study of animal development has traditionally been called ___________, after that phase of an organism
that exists between fertilization and birth.

A

embryology

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3
Q

most organisms never stop developing (3)

A

RBC, regenerate severed parts, metamorphosis

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4
Q
  • the study of HOW an egg becomes an adult organism
  • the process by which new members of a species are generated
  • it is closely related to ontogeny
A

developmental biology

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5
Q

the course of an organism’s development from inception to adulthood

A

ontogeny

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6
Q
  • it is the study of a PROCESS whereby a single cell (the fertilized egg) divides and selectively activates expression of genes to produce a complex organism composed of many cell types
A

developmental biology

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7
Q

the discipline that studied embryonic and other developmental processes

A

developmental biology

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8
Q
  • observational biology
  • experimental manipulations
A

embryology

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9
Q
  • expands embryological studies using molecular techniques
  • used genetic approaches to study model organisms
A

developmental biology

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10
Q

model organisms (9)

A
  • Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
  • Drosophila melanogaster - Fruit fly
  • Hydra vulgaris - Hydra
  • Caenorhabditis elegans - Nematode worm or C. elegans
  • Xenopus laevis - African clawed frog
  • Brachydanio rerio - Zebrafish
  • Gallus gallus - Chicken
  • Mus musculus - Mouse
  • stem cells of Homo sapiens
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11
Q

criteria for a model biological system (model organism) (6)

A
  • easy to maintain
  • operation size should be convenient
  • inexpensive to maintain
  • short life cycle
  • can be genetically manipulated
  • able to deliver economically important results
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12
Q

development accomplishes two objectives (2)

A
  1. it generates cellular diversity and order within each generation
  2. it ensures the continuity of life from one generation to the next
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13
Q

2 fundamental questions in developmental biology

A
  1. How does a fertilized egg become an adult body?
  2. How does that adult body produce yet another body?
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14
Q

Developmental Biology is defined by the questions asked: (7)

A
  • Differentiation
  • Morphogenesis
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Regeneration
  • Evolution
  • Environmental Integration
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15
Q
  • is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another
  • process in which cells develop their specialized shaped and functions
A

cellular differentiation

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16
Q
  • How do cells arising from a fertilized egg become different from one another?
  • What goes on as an embryo develops from a single pluripotent cell into a complete organism?
A

differentiation

17
Q

majority of development systems are

A

multicellular

18
Q

generation of cellular diveristy

A

differentiation

19
Q

The gradual increase in size or number of an animal or vegetable body over time.

A

growth

20
Q

two types of growth (2)

A
  • allometric growth
  • isometric growth
21
Q
  • different growth rates of parts with the same organism
  • change in shape during ontogeny (ratio between parts changes as the size increase)
  • relatively common
  • it possesses an enlarged major or threatening other males
  • males with larger claws attract more female mates
A

allometric growth

22
Q
  • all components grow at the same rate
  • no change in shape during ontogeny (ratio between parts does not change as the size increase)
  • the shape is preserved
  • relatively uncommon
A

isometric growth

23
Q

early development of many organisms is influenced by ________

A

environmental cues

24
Q

ectoderm can form (3)

A
  • outer surface: epidermal cells of skins
  • central nervous system: neuron of cells
  • neural crest: pigment cells
25
Q

mesoderm can form (5)

A
  • notochord
  • bone tissue
  • tubule cell of kidney
  • RBC
  • facial muscle
26
Q

endoderm can form (3)

A
  • pancreatic cell
  • thyroid cell
  • lung cell
27
Q

germ cells can form (2)

A
  • sperm
  • egg
28
Q

The organization of the cells of the body into functional structures via coordinated cell growth, cell
migration, and cell death.

A

morphogenesis

DEV BIO (7 decks)

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