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Clinical Assessment > Introduction package > Flashcards

Introduction package Flashcards

1
Q

term denoting the disease or syndrome a person has or is believed to have

A

diagnosis

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2
Q

appraisal or evaluation of a patient’s condition

A

assessment

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3
Q

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function

A

impairment

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4
Q

what are the 5 reasons to assess

A

devise a safe treatment plan, effective treatment plan, monitor progress, communicate with other health care professionals, required by law

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5
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

subjective data, objective data, assessment, plan

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6
Q

what is subjective data

A

patient’s perception, health history, interview answers

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7
Q

what is objective data

A

practitioner observations, test/assessment results, physical findings

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8
Q

what is assessment

A

an interpretation of the subjective and objective data. a clinical impression

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9
Q

what is plan

A

the outline for what the therapist will do to treat the problem

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10
Q

what should all treatment plans include

A

goals/aims, techniques used to achieve an effect, structures those techniques are applied to and how long/often, number and frequency or future treatments, re-examination date

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11
Q

what are the 10 steps of assessment protocal

A
  1. Case history
  2. Observation
  3. Palpation
  4. Rule Outs
  5. Functional Tests (ROM tests AF,PR,AR)
  6. Special Tests
  7. Muscle Tests
  8. Neurological Tests
  9. Joint Play examination
  10. Lesion site palpation
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12
Q

how should one perform observations and testing

A

bilaterally, with the unaffected side first

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13
Q

in bilateral testing, which side should be tested first and why?

A

unaffected, to get a sense of what is normal

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14
Q

when should the tests likely to be the most painful be performed?

A

last in the sequence

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15
Q

what do you do if the patient experiences pain during a particular movement or test

A

stop and identify the location and nature of the pain

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16
Q

why should we take a thorough case history first?

A

save time by avoiding unnecessary testing

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17
Q

how do we support the limbs we test

A

in a secure an neutral position

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18
Q

why do we rule out the proximal and distal joints?

A

ensure that we’re assessing the proper joint, as complaints may be the result of dysfunction at another location/referred pain

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19
Q

what are 3 forms of referred pain

A

neurological, trigger point, visceral

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20
Q

what is the high seated testing position

A

hips and knees are at 90 degrees of flexion

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21
Q

what is the long seated testing position

A

hips at 90 degrees flexion, knees extended

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22
Q

what is the hook lying testing position

A

supine, hips at 45 degrees of flexion, knees at 90 degrees of flexion

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23
Q

how should an RMT phrase their questioning during assessment?

A

don’t ask leading questions where possible

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24
Q

what is the Presenting Complaint

A

why the patient is coming to see us, their primary complaint, and their goals/expectations of treatment

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25
Q

what is General Health

A

information from the health history form

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26
Q

how does a patient’s occupation factor into assessment?

A

potentially identifying repetitive motions or prolonged postures that may contribute to their complaint

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27
Q

why do we ask about previous medical consultation about a patient’s complaint

A

test results and/or a diagnosis can be extremely helpful

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28
Q

why do we ask if a patient is taking medication

A

may require a modification of treatment

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29
Q

why do we ask if a patient has had any previous injuries

A

a previous injury either to or near the site of the present complaint may have affected the area of the present complaint

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30
Q

a physical and emotional response to tissue irritation, derangement, damage, or tissue death

A

pain

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31
Q

the most common symptom for which patients seek care

A

pain

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32
Q

type of pain: results from the release of chemical irritants, also a result of swelling/edema that compresses nociceptors

A

inflammatory pain

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33
Q

type of pain: results from the stretch or compression of pain sensitive structures

A

mechanical pain

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34
Q

type of pain: provoked by noxious stimulation produced by injury/disease

A

acute pain

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35
Q

type of pain: persist beyond the usual course of healing

A

chronic pain

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36
Q

a clinical syndrome in which patients present with high levels of pain that is chronic in duration

A

chronic pain syndrome

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37
Q

pain as a result of non-inflammatory dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system that does not involve nociceptor stimulation or trauma

A

neurogenic pain

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38
Q

pain that is felt at another location of the body that is distant from the tissues that have caused it

A

referred pain

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39
Q

radicular or nerve root pain, involves a spinal nerve or spinal nerve root

A

radiculopathy

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40
Q

an area of skin supplied by one dorsal nerve root

A

dermatome

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41
Q

a group of muscles supplied by one nerve root

A

myotome

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42
Q

an area of bone or fascia innervated by a nerve root

A

sclerotome

43
Q

Referred pain arising from a trigger point

A

trigger point pain

44
Q

What are the words behind LOFDSAAQ

A

Location, Onset/Origin, Frequency, Duration, Severity, Ails/Alleviates, Quality

45
Q

Define Location

A

where the pain is and does it travel

46
Q

what does local pain indicate

A

a lesion/injury to a superficial structure

47
Q

what is diffuse pain

A

pain that is not localized

48
Q

what is local pain

A

pain to a specific area

49
Q

Define Onset

A

When and How the pain begain

50
Q

Define Frequency

A

how often the pain/symptoms occur

51
Q

define Duration

A

for how long the pain/symptoms last during a flare-up

52
Q

define Severity

A

how bad the pain is, usually on a 1-10 scale

53
Q

Define Ails/Alleviates

A

What makes the pain worse/better

54
Q

Define Quality

A

putting descriptor words to the pain

55
Q

what would sharp pain indicate?

A

injury to skin/fascia, superficial muscle/ligament, periosteum. Acute inflammation

56
Q

What would dull pain indicate

A

injury to joints, deep muscles, chronic muscle injuries, subchondral bone, deep/peripheral nerve, trigger points, referred pain. Chronic inflammation

57
Q

what would tingling/parasthesia indicate

A

nerve injury, circulatory problems

58
Q

what would numbness indicate

A

damage or impingement of a nerve

59
Q

what would a twinge with a movement that repeats the MOI indicate

A

injury to local muscle/ligament

60
Q

what would clicking/snapping indicate

A

tendon flipping over a bone, thickened bursa, meniscal tear, or synovial plica

61
Q

what is synovial plica

A

a fold in the synovium of a joint

62
Q

what causes grating

A

osteoarthritic changes to a joint

63
Q

what would locking or catching indicate

A

a loose body within the joint

64
Q

what would instability or giving way indicate

A

severe joint damage, especially to primary stabilizing ligaments

65
Q

what would popping indicate

A

negative pressure within a tendon sheath, a tendon flipping over a boney prominence, or a rupture of a ligament or tendon

66
Q

what are observations

A

what we can see with our eyes

67
Q

what constitutes observations

A

swelling, altered function, redness, deformities, imbalances, postural assessment

68
Q

what is palpation

A

what we feel

69
Q

what are the four Ts we look for with palpation

A

texture, tenderness, tone, temperature

70
Q

how do we perform rule-outs

A

check the joints immediately above and below the effective area

71
Q

why do we perform rule-outs

A

ensure we are treating the cause of the impairment/pain

72
Q

What are the three forms of functional testing

A

active free, passive relaxed, active resisted

73
Q

what is active free testing

A

patient performs unassisted voluntary joint motion

74
Q

what is passive relaxed testing

A

therapist performs joint motion without assistance from the patient, who remains relaxed

75
Q

what is active resisted testing

A

patient exerts effort against the therapist’s pressure towards joint motion

76
Q

what test is always done last

A

most painful test

77
Q

what test is always done first

A

active free

78
Q

what does passive testing do

A

engages inert tissue and passively elongates contractile tissue

79
Q

what does isometric resisted testing do

A

engages contractile tissue

80
Q

what do we look for with active free testing

A

patient’s willingness to move the joint, ROM, amount of observable restriction, pain during movement

81
Q

when testing for a tendon injury, what order should the tests be performed?

A

AF, PR, AR

82
Q

When testing for a ligament injury, what order should tests be performed

A

AF, AR, PR

83
Q

what do we look for with passive relaxed testing

A

hyper/hypomobility, end feel, pain

84
Q

how many different end feels are there

A

7

85
Q

what is overpressure

A

taking the joint to the end of its range and noting how the tissue feels at the end of the particular movements

86
Q

define the end feel and normality of tissue approximation

A

movement is stopped by compression of tissue, considered normal

87
Q

define the end feel and normality of bone to bone

A

when bone touches another bone. can be abnormal

88
Q

define the end feel and normality of tissue stretch

A

springy type movement with slight give, found when the capsule and ligaments are providing resistance to movement. normal when at the end of ROM

89
Q

define the end feel and normality of muscle spasm

A

sudden dramatic arrest of movement, often accompanied by pain, usually the result of protective reflex, abnormal.

90
Q

define the end feel and normality of capsular

A

very similar to tissue stretch, occurs early in ROM, tends to feel thicker, usually indicates that the joint capsule is at fault. abnormal

91
Q

define the end feel and normality of springy block

A

usually indicates an internal derangement within a joint, may be caused by a loose body within a joint, slight rebound may be noted at end range, abnormal

92
Q

define the end feel and normality of empty

A

patient stops the movement due to intensity of the pain, movement is stopped before end of range is felt, abnormal

93
Q

What can be concluded from a cyriax testing result of Strong and Painless

A

no lesion or neurological deficit, normal

94
Q

What can be concluded from a cyriax testing result of Strong and Painful

A

1-2 degree muscle strain, minor lesion of the musculotendinous unit

95
Q

What can be concluded from a cyriax testing result of Weak and Painless

A

interruption of nerve supply compression syndromes, complete rupture of a muscle or tendon

96
Q

What can be concluded from a cyriax testing result of Weak and Painful

A

Partial rupture of a muscle or tendon, painful inhibition caused by pathology

97
Q

what may be indicated by pain with repetitive movements

A

problem with vascular supply to the region

98
Q

What are the 6 levels on the Oxford Manual Muscle Testing Scale

A
  1. Normal
  2. Able to overcome some resistance
  3. Able to overcome gravity
  4. Able to produce movement without gravity
  5. Muscle tightens but no movement is produced
  6. No contraction
99
Q

What is the purpose of special tests

A

confirm or rule out injury to specific structures

100
Q

Define muscle testing and its purpose

A

length and strength tests for specific muscles, used to determine if a muscle is weak/strong and short/long

101
Q

define neurological testing and what is tested

A

tests to confirm or rule out neurological involvement. tests dermatomes, myotomes, and deep tendon reflexes

102
Q

define joint play examination

A

testing accessory joint motion within a joint without voluntary control

103
Q

define lesion site palpation

A

systematic and purposeful palpation of the lesion site

Clinical Assessment (1 decks)

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