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Skeletal system > introduction of skeletal > Flashcards

introduction of skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal system includes the following (5)

A

BONES
JOINTS
CARTILAGE
LIGAMENTS
TENDONS

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2
Q

comes from the greek word means “dried-up” body

A

SKELETON

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3
Q

2 subdivisions

A

AXIAL SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON

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4
Q

5 functions of the bones

A

SUPPORT
PROTECTION
MOVEMENT
STORAGE
HEMATOPOIESIS

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5
Q

classification of the bone according to structure

A

SPONGY BONE (DIPLOE)
COMPACT BONE

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6
Q

has a spiky, open appearance like a sponge

A

SPONGY BONE (DIPLOE)

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7
Q

is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous

A

COMPACT BONE

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8
Q

4 classification of bone according to shape

A

LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
IRREGULAR BONE

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9
Q

all bones of the limbs except patella, wrist and ankle; mostly compact

A

LONG BONES

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10
Q

generally cube-shaped; mostly spongy; wrist and ankle

A

SHORT BONES

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11
Q

thin, flattened and usually curved

A

FLAT BONES

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12
Q

does not fit to above category

A

IRREGULAR BONE

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13
Q

example of long bone

A

HUMERUS

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14
Q

example of short bone

A

TALUS

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15
Q

example of flat bone

A

STERNUM

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16
Q

example of irregular bone

A

VERTEBRA

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17
Q

8 structure of long bone

A

EPIPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
SHARPEY’S FIBER
PERIOSTEUM
ENDOSTEUM
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE/LINE
MEDULLARY CAVITY

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18
Q

ends of bone

A

EPIPHYSIS

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19
Q

body of bone/shaft

A

DIAPHYSIS

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20
Q

covering end of the bone/epiphysis

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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21
Q

a fibrous connective tissue covering of diaphysis

A

PERIOSTEUM

22
Q

attaches the periosteum to underlying diaphysis

A

SHARPEY’S FIBER

23
Q

thin membrane that secure periosteum to the underlysing bone

A

ENDOSTEUM

24
Q

joins the epiphysis to diaphysis

A

EPIPHYSEAL PLAYE/LINE

25
Q

storage area for adipose(fat) tissue

A

MEDULLARY CAVITY

26
Q

5 microscopic anatomy of bone

A

OSTEON
LAMELLAE
LACUNAE
CANALICULI
CENTRAL CANAL

27
Q

aka haversian system; composed of central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and osteocytes

A

OSTEON

28
Q

concentric ring of bone tissue

A

LAMELLAE

29
Q

cavity embedded in the lamellae; houses osteocytes

A

LACUNAE

30
Q

tiny canals that directly connect the lacunae/osteocytes to central canal

A

CANALICULI

31
Q

houses blood vessels and nerves

A

CENTRAL CANAL

32
Q

process of bone formation

A

OSSIFICATION

33
Q

two major steps of ossification

A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION

34
Q

contributes to longitudinal growth

A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

35
Q

occuring primarily in the bones of skull

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION

36
Q

2 factors affecting bone remodeling

A

CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD

PULL OF GRAVITY AND MUSCLES ON THE SKELETON

37
Q

disease in children in which the bone fail of calcify

A

RICKETS

38
Q

is any condition in which bone breakdown outpaces bone formation, causing bones to become weak and porous

A

OSTEOPOROSIS

39
Q

is characterized by excessive and abnormal remodeling

A

PAGET’S DISEASE

40
Q

as for old age, bones become thin and weaken

A

FRACTURES

41
Q

fractures may be classified by 4

A

POSITION OF THE BONE ENDS AFTER FRACTURE

COMPLETENESS OF THE BREAK

ORIENTATION OF THE BREAL RELATIVE TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE BONE

WHETHER THE BONE PENETRATE THE SKIN

42
Q

bone fragments into three or more pieces

A

COMMINUTED

43
Q

bone is crushed

A

COMPRESSION

44
Q

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone; common sports fracture

A

SPIRAL

45
Q

epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

A

EPIPHYSEAL

46
Q

broken bone portion is pressed inward; typical of skull fracture

A

DEPRESSED

47
Q

bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks

A

GREENSTICK

48
Q

when the blood calcium ion level is too high

A

HYPERCALCEMIA

49
Q

softening of the bones

A

OSTEOMALACIA

50
Q

4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture

A

HEMATOMA FORMATION

FIBROCARTILAGE CALLUS FORMATION

BONY CALLUS FORMATION

BONE REMODELING

Skeletal system (6 decks)

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