introduction of skeletal Flashcards
skeletal system includes the following (5)
BONES
JOINTS
CARTILAGE
LIGAMENTS
TENDONS
comes from the greek word means “dried-up” body
SKELETON
2 subdivisions
AXIAL SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
5 functions of the bones
SUPPORT
PROTECTION
MOVEMENT
STORAGE
HEMATOPOIESIS
classification of the bone according to structure
SPONGY BONE (DIPLOE)
COMPACT BONE
has a spiky, open appearance like a sponge
SPONGY BONE (DIPLOE)
is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous
COMPACT BONE
4 classification of bone according to shape
LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
IRREGULAR BONE
all bones of the limbs except patella, wrist and ankle; mostly compact
LONG BONES
generally cube-shaped; mostly spongy; wrist and ankle
SHORT BONES
thin, flattened and usually curved
FLAT BONES
does not fit to above category
IRREGULAR BONE
example of long bone
HUMERUS
example of short bone
TALUS
example of flat bone
STERNUM
example of irregular bone
VERTEBRA
8 structure of long bone
EPIPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
SHARPEY’S FIBER
PERIOSTEUM
ENDOSTEUM
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE/LINE
MEDULLARY CAVITY
ends of bone
EPIPHYSIS
body of bone/shaft
DIAPHYSIS
covering end of the bone/epiphysis
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
a fibrous connective tissue covering of diaphysis
PERIOSTEUM
attaches the periosteum to underlying diaphysis
SHARPEY’S FIBER
thin membrane that secure periosteum to the underlysing bone
ENDOSTEUM
joins the epiphysis to diaphysis
EPIPHYSEAL PLAYE/LINE
storage area for adipose(fat) tissue
MEDULLARY CAVITY
5 microscopic anatomy of bone
OSTEON
LAMELLAE
LACUNAE
CANALICULI
CENTRAL CANAL
aka haversian system; composed of central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and osteocytes
OSTEON
concentric ring of bone tissue
LAMELLAE
cavity embedded in the lamellae; houses osteocytes
LACUNAE
tiny canals that directly connect the lacunae/osteocytes to central canal
CANALICULI
houses blood vessels and nerves
CENTRAL CANAL
process of bone formation
OSSIFICATION
two major steps of ossification
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
contributes to longitudinal growth
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
occuring primarily in the bones of skull
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
2 factors affecting bone remodeling
CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD
PULL OF GRAVITY AND MUSCLES ON THE SKELETON
disease in children in which the bone fail of calcify
RICKETS
is any condition in which bone breakdown outpaces bone formation, causing bones to become weak and porous
OSTEOPOROSIS
is characterized by excessive and abnormal remodeling
PAGET’S DISEASE
as for old age, bones become thin and weaken
FRACTURES
fractures may be classified by 4
POSITION OF THE BONE ENDS AFTER FRACTURE
COMPLETENESS OF THE BREAK
ORIENTATION OF THE BREAL RELATIVE TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE BONE
WHETHER THE BONE PENETRATE THE SKIN
bone fragments into three or more pieces
COMMINUTED
bone is crushed
COMPRESSION
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone; common sports fracture
SPIRAL
epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
EPIPHYSEAL
broken bone portion is pressed inward; typical of skull fracture
DEPRESSED
bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
GREENSTICK
when the blood calcium ion level is too high
HYPERCALCEMIA
softening of the bones
OSTEOMALACIA
4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture
HEMATOMA FORMATION
FIBROCARTILAGE CALLUS FORMATION
BONY CALLUS FORMATION
BONE REMODELING