Introduction of philosophy

Question 1

the term has been derived from Greek words “Philos” means ____ and “Sophia” means ____.

Answer 1

Love, and Wisdom

Question 2

mathematician, who was the first to call himself a philosopho, a term which means “a lover of wisdom”.

-credited with the formulation of the Pythagorean theorem

-he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy

Answer 2

Pythagoras

Question 3

-is a knowledge gained from having many experiences
-the correct application of knowledge

Answer 3

Wisdom

Question 4

awareness or familiarity of something

Answer 4

Knowledge

Question 5

-means to nourish, to bring up, to raise

Answer 5

Educare

Question 6

-means to bring forth, to draw out, to lead out

Answer 6

Educere

Question 7

-the act of teaching and training

Answer 7

Educatum

Question 8

uses broad concepts to help define reality and our understanding of it.

generally seek to explain inherent or universal elements of reality which are not easily discovered or experienced in our everyday life.

might include the study of the nature of the human mind, the definition and meaning of existence, or the nature of space, time, and/or causality.

Answer 8

Metaphysics

Question 9

the theory of knowledge

asking questions such as: “what is knowledge?” and “how do we know something?” For human geographers, an appreciation of epistemology is important in order to critically assess the reliability of knowledge developed in the discipline, but also in understanding how knowledge plays an active role in society.

Personal epistemology refers to the theories or beliefs that lay persons hold about the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing.

Answer 9

Epistemology

Question 10

the branch of philosophy concerned with analysing the patterns of reasoning

the science that investigates the principles

governing correct or reliable inference.

the branch of philosophy concerned with analysing the patterns of reasoning by which a conclusion is properly drawn from a set of premises

Answer 10

Logic

Question 11

the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles

is a branch of philosophy that “involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior

Answer 11

ETHICS

Question 12

is primarily concerned with uncovering the truth through systematic argumentation and theory.

Answer 12

Western Philosophy

Question 13

The first philosophers are called the

Answer 13

Pre-Socratics.

Question 14

he was the earliest philosopher to inquire about the world and explain the composition of things and the changes in the physical reality.

-known as the “father of Western Philosophy”

-he believed that the ultimate composition of all things is water.

Answer 14

Thales

Question 15

“Father of Political Science”

Answer 15

ARISTOTLE

Question 16

“Father of Western Philosophy” -the earliest philosopher

Answer 16

THALES

Question 17

“Father of History”

Answer 17

HERODOTUS

Question 18

“Father of Economics”

Answer 18

ADAM SMITH

Question 19

“Father of Modern Anthropology”

Answer 19

FRANCE BOAS

Question 20

“Father of Geography”

Answer 20

ERASTOSTHENES

Question 21

“Father of Modern Philosophy”

Answer 21

RENE DECARTES

Question 22

-they were excellent public speakers and they travelled throughout Greece and taught young people a wide array of subjects such as grammar, mythology, political virtue, and rhetoric.

Answer 22

Sophists

Question 23

introduced the apeiron (the boundless) as the beginning of everything (the first principle). According to his theory, the apeiron is undefined and ever moving. It gives birth to the contradictory terms of warm and cold, and of moist and dry, and their perpetual strife.

Answer 23

Anaximander

Question 24

-a young associate of Anaximander.

-he believed that it is air that makes up all things

-considered air as the source of all life

Answer 24

Anaximenes

Question 25

-devoted himself to studying the causes of natural phenomena -he proposed that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

Answer 25

Democritus

Question 26

-he proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos -"change is a permanent aspect of the human condition

Answer 26

Heraclitus

Question 27

-means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that lets the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic

Answer 27

Socratic Method

Question 28

-considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times -he himself did not claim to be "wise" and merely considered himself a "midwife" that helped a man to live a life of virtue

Answer 28

Socrates

Question 29

-student of Socrates -his teachings and writings are considered as the foundation of Western Philosophy Theory of forms, everything that exists is based on idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind

Answer 29

Plato

Question 30

, the ideal society and ideal form of government ruled by wisdom and reason

Answer 30

Republic

Question 31

a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge

Answer 31

Dialectic

Question 32

an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the West

Answer 32

Academy

Question 33

-a prominent student of Plato -for him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive He founded his own school called the LYCEUM

Answer 33

Aristotle

Question 34

-the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization

Answer 34

Deductive reasoning

Question 35

-the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization

Answer 35

Deductive reasoning

Question 36

-consists of schools of thought which are often closely tied with religious beliefs -often described as "wisdom" literature, where stories, sayings, and texts encourage people to adopt an ethical and harmonious way of life -its goal is to achieve a balanced life and find one's role in society

Answer 36

Eastern Philosophy

Question 37

-a way of analyzing -defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person

Answer 37

frameworks

Question 38

Refers to the careful examination of life situation. This involves the weighing of alternatives and using specific standards to evaluate one's action. An individual reflects philosophically when he builds on previous actions, events and or decisions. It requires a person to be willing to examine one's thought, feelings and actions and learn more about one's life and experiences.

Answer 38

Philosophical Reflection

Question 39

A way of thinking that focuses on the specific aspects of the situation.

Answer 39

Partial thinking/perspective

Question 40

Refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems. This is often described as looking at the "big picture" when describing and analyzing a situation or a problem.

Answer 40

Holistic thinking/perspective