Introduction Of Microbiology Flashcards
deals with organisms ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification
Microbiology
microorganisms can be observed using the
microscope (light and electron microscopes)
these organisms which are micrometers or micron (μm) in size are called
Microorganisms or Microbes
father of Bacteriology and Protozoology
Antonie van Leeuwenhooek
Leeuwenhooek observe microorganisms, bacteria, protozoa that he called a
Animacules
- disproved spontaneous generation theory with his experiment using beef broth and swan-necked flasks
- performed pasteurization
- developed rabies vaccine
Luis Pasteur
living organisms could arise from non-living matter (proposed by Aristotle)
Spontaneous Generation Theory
human diseases could arise from infection caused by microorganisms
Germ Theory of Diseases
What is Black Death?
Black Death
o 14th century global epidemic bubonic plaque
o killed one third of Europe’s population
o caused persecution of witches, blamed of spreading the
disease
o caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestis
o primary vector: oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)
developed Koch’s postulates and pure culture methods
Robert Koch
Recite Causitive Agents
o tuberculosis- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
o anthrax - Bacillus anthracis
o cholera- Vibrio cholera
Treatment for tuberculosis
Tuberculin
Pathogen must be….
Must be present
Must be isolated
Must be be reproduced
Must be reisolated
- invented transparent double-sided petri dish
- assistant of Robert Koch
Richard Petri
are easily staked, sterilized, and prevents contamination
Petri dish
Study of Bacteria
Bacteriology
Study of Fungi (yeasts and molds)
Mycology
Study of Algae
Phycology
Study of Viruses
Virology
Study of parasites (protozoans, helminths, viruses)
Parasitology
Study of immune system, relationships between pathogens such as bacteria and viruses and their hosts
Immunology
prokaryote, small single-celled organism
Bacteria
prokaryote, similar morphology with bacteria, thrives in extreme environments
Archaea
eukaryote,unicellular(yeasts),multicellular(molds)
Fungi
eukaryote, unicellular, some filamentous
Algae
eukaryote,unicellular,non-motile and motile(flagella,cilia,pesudopodia)
Protozoans
obligate intracellular parasites,made of protein coat (capsid)and genetic material(DNAorRNA)
Viruses
developed aseptic technique following the idea of Luis Pasteur that airborne microorganisms can cause fermentatio
Joseph Lister
employed chemical method, using antiseptic chemicals such as phenol to disinfect air and wounds before, during, and after surgery which
decreased post-operation death rates by 30%
- father of Virology, coined the term virus – Latin word which translates to slimy liquid or poison
- invented the enrichment culture technique to isolate bacterial cultures
Martinus Beijerinck
isolation of microorganisms in natural samples in a highly selective fashion by manipulating nutrient and incubation conditions
enrichment culture technique
developed the principle of chemolithotrophy
Sergei Winogradsky
type of metabolism where energy is obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (sulfate, nitrogen gas, iron)
chemolithotrophy
“litho”- stone, “troph”- refers to the source of nourishment, thus “stone eaters”
Litotrophs
demonstrated the critical roles of microbes in the cycling of elements
biogeochemical cycling
