Introduction of Construction Material

Question 1

What are materials of construction or building materials?

Answer 1

All building structures are composed of different types of materials. These materials are called materials of construction or building materials

Question 2

What are the types of Construction materials, give example.

Answer 2

There are two types of building materials, they are:
Artificial:
1. Ceramics
2. Glass
3. Paints
4. Varnishes
5. Plastics
6. Tiles
7. Marble
8. Granite
Natural:
1. Wood
2. Clay/Soil
3. Rock
4. Gravel

Question 3

Name 11 Mechanical Properties of Materials.

Answer 3

The 11 mechanical properties of materials are:
1.Strength
2.Elasticity
3.Plasticity
4.Ductility
5.Brittleness
6.Malleability
7.Toughness
8.Hardness
9.Stiffness
10.Creep
11.Fatigue strength

Question 4

What is strength?

Answer 4

The capacity of material to withstand load is called strength.It is the ability to withstand an applied stress
without failure.

Question 5

What are the types of strength?

Answer 5

(a)Compressive strength, capacity to withstand axially directed
pushing forces

(b)Tensile strength, maximum stress while being stretched or
pulled before necking

(c)Shear strength, the ability to withstand shearing.

Question 6

What is elasticity?

Answer 6

It occurs on a material when external load is applied it undergoes
deformation and on removal of the load, it returns to it’s original shape.

Question 7

What is plasticity?

Answer 7

If a material does not regain its original shape, on removal of the
external load, its called plastic materials.

Question 8

What is a ductile material?

Answer 8

If a materials can undergo a considerable deformation without
rupture it is called a ductile materials. Example: steel ,copper, aluminum alloy, wrought iron are ductile materials.

Question 9

What material is the most suitable for tension member?

Answer 9

Ductile material

Question 10

Which material undergoes large deformation during tensile test?

Answer 10

Ductile material

Question 11

Elongation percentage required for a material to be ductile is?

Answer 11

15%

Question 12

When is a material know to be brittle? Example?

Answer 12

If a material can not undergo any deformation when some
external force act on it and it fails by rupture.
Example: C.I.,glass, concrete, bricks

Question 13

How is the compression and tension of a brittle material ?

Answer 13

A brittle material is stronger in compression and weak in tension.

Question 14

What is the elongation percentage of a brittle material?

Answer 14

5%

Question 15

What is malleability?

Answer 15

Which material can be convert in to thin sheets by hammering.
Example: Gold, silver, copper, aluminum, Tin, Lead steel etc.

Question 16

What is toughness?

Answer 16

It is capacity of a material to absorb energy before rupture. Example: Mild steel, wrought iron, etc.

Question 17

What is hardness?

Answer 17

Resistance of materials to abrasion, indentation, wear and
scratches is called hardness.

Question 18

What is stiffness?

Answer 18

Force required to produce unit deformation in a material is called
stiffness.

Question 19

What is creep?

Answer 19

Inelastic deformation due to sustained load is known creep.

Question 20

Draw and explain the izod impact test.

Question 21

Draw and explain the charpy impact test

Question 22

What is the Rockwell hardness test?

Answer 22

Hardness is a characteristic of a material, not a fundamental
physical property.
* It is defined as the resistance to indentation, and it is determined
by measuring the permanent depth of the indentation.
* The Rockwell hardness test method, is the most commonly used
hardness test method.
* The Rockwell method measures the permanent depth of
indentation produced by a force / load on an indenter.
* Rockwell hardness value is derived from the difference in the
baseline and final depth measurements
* This distance is converted to a hardness number

Question 23

What is the formula for rockwell hardness test?

Answer 23

HR=E-D

Question 24

Differentiate between ductile and brittle material

Question 25

What is a rock ?

Answer 25

An aggregate of minerals which forms the earth crust is known
as rock.

Question 26

Building stones are obtained from rocks occurring in nature and
classified in three ways, what are they?

Answer 26

1. Geological classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification

Question 27

What are igneous rocks?

Answer 27

Rocks that are formed by cooling of Magma (molten or pasty rocky
material) are known as igneous rocks. Igneous rock also known as primary, un-stratified rocks.
Eg: Granite, Basalt and Dolerite etc.

Question 28

What are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 28

Those rocks are formed by the deposition of production of weathering
on the pre-existing rocks.
Examples: gravel, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite etc.

Question 29

What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer 29

Those rocks formed by the change in character of the pre-existing rocks. Igneous as well as sedimentary rocks are character when they are subject to great heat and pressure. Known as metamorphism.
* Examples: Quartzite, Schist, Slate, Marble and Gneisses.

Question 30

Classify rocks based on physical characteristics.

Answer 30

Stratified Rocks: which show different sign of layers and can be
easily splitted up into layers are called stratified rocks.
Ex: sedimentary rocks, sand stone, Lime stone etc.

Un stratified rocks: The rock which do not show distinct sign of layers and can not be easily splitted up into layers are called
Un-stratified rocks.
Examples: granite, basalt, trap etc.

Foliated Rocks: which can be splitted into thin sheet.
Ex: Slate, Schist etc.