Introduction Lecture

Question 1

The Aims of Emergency Care

Answer 1

Preserve Life
Prevent the Situation Worsening
Promote recovery
Phone for Help

Question 2

Safety 123

Answer 2

Assess for dangers to: 
-yourself
-others at scene
-Patient/casualty
before giving any assistance

Question 3

Initial Approach

Answer 3

1. Safety 1.2.3/Dangers/Cause
2. Response of the Patient
3. Shout for assistance as your going to need it if the patient can’t respond

Question 4

Dangers/Causes at the Scene

Answer 4

Look at Damage to Surroundings
Consider how much energy has been transferred to the casualty
Look for clues

Question 5

Trauma

Answer 5

UK: 1500 deaths per year due to accidents
1/3 are RTA
100 die a week in RTA

Question 6

ABCDE approach

Answer 6

• Airway assessment (c-spine protection)
• Breathing Assessment (oxygenation)
• Circulation Assessment (haemorrhage control)
• Disability of the central nervous system (LOC)
• Exposure of the whole body

Question 7

AMPLE History

Answer 7

• Allergies
• Medications and tetanus immunity
• Previous medical history
• Last meal
• Events leading to the injury

Handover to Medical Aid
SBAR

Question 8

Basic Life Support

Answer 8

maintaining of airway patency and supporting breathing and the circulation without the use of equipment other than a protective device.

Question 9

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Answer 9

• 700,000/year in Europe
• survival to hospital discharge approx 5-10%
• early CPR intervention before arrival of emergency services can double or triple survival
• early resus and prompt defib can result in greater than 60% survival

Question 10

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Steps

Answer 10

• safety Dangers/cause
• stimulate for response
• shout for help
• open airway
• breathing and circulation
• call 999 or 2222
• 30 chest compressions
• 2 rescue breaths

Question 11

Stimulate for response AVPU

Answer 11

• A the patient is awake
• V patient responds to verbal stimulation
• P responds to painful stimulation
• U completely unresponsive

Question 12

Open Airway

Answer 12

Head tilt and chin lift
Jaw thrust if neck injury
Look inside mouth for obstruction
Remove any solid material

Question 13

Breathing and Circulation

Answer 13

Look,Listen and Feel for normal breathing
Do not confuse agonal breathing
Feel for Carotid pulse/ signs of life
NO MORE THAN 10 seconds

Question 14

Agonal Breathing

Answer 14

occurs shortly after the heart stops in up to 40% of cardiac arrests
Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping breathing.
A sign of Cardiac arrest

Question 15

Chest Compressions

Answer 15

30:2
Centre of chest, 5-6cm depth, 2 per second (100-120 min) (BEE GEES)
Maintain high quality compressions with minimal interruptions
Continuous compressions one airway secured
Switch CPR provider evry 2 min cycle to avoid fatigue.

Question 16

Rescue Breaths

Answer 16

-Head tilt/chin lift
-Pinch the Nose
-take a normal breath
-place lips over mouth or use device
-blow until the chest rises, take about 1 second allow chest to fall
-repeat
recommended tidal 500-600ml

Question 17

Not Breathing but has a Pulse

Answer 17

• Rescue breaths
• Repeat every 6 seconds
• assess breathing and circulation after 1 min.

Question 18

Adult Choking

Answer 18

Mild obstruction: 
-encourage cough
Severe Obstruction:
-unconscious start CPR
-Conscious 5 back blows, 5 Abdominal thrusts