Introduction into the living cell

Question 1

What is the definition of a cell? (1)

Answer 1

The cell is the basic unit of life and all cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells. They take nutrients and free energy to the surroundings and make copies of themselves.

Question 2

What does the cell theory state? (3)

Answer 2

1. Both animal and plant tissues consist of cells
2. Cells are the fundamental of all life
3. All cells arise from division of pre-existing cells

Question 3

What are the 3 domains of cells in order of evolution? (3)

Answer 3

Bacteria (Eubacteria), Archea (Archaebacteria) and Eukaryotes.

Question 4

What is the definition of taxonomy? (1)

Answer 4

Taxonomy is the defining group of biological organisms bases on characteristics

Question 5

What is the definition of phylogenetics? (1)

Answer 5

Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

Question 6

What are the universal features of cells on earth? (12)

Answer 6

1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Cells exhange substances with the environment - such as ions, proteins, amino acids, and sugars.
3. Cells communicate with each other - cascade events
4. Here info is stored in the form of DNA - nucleotides make DNA strands that make DNA double helix.
5. A single gene makes a protein - a gene. This occurs via DNA replication, translation, and transcription.
6. Translate RNA into protein in the same way.
7. Composition of a cell.
8. Sunlight is the ultimate source of biological energy - photosynthesis, food chains/webs.
9. ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
10. Evolution
11. “Life is a pattern in flux” - cells die and divide. Molecules in the body are constantly being replaced, turned over, some more than others. 98% of the human body is replaced in one year.
12. Organelles of the Eukaryotic - they are compartmentalized and are adapted to carry out a specific function and are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer; prokaryotes do not have this.
    Although they have the same format they are adapted to carry out a specific function and are reflected in their structure.

Question 7

What is the definition of homeostasis? (1)

Answer 7

Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of a cell or organism to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological process.

Question 8

How long are those 5 cell types? (5)

Answer 8

Gastrointestinal lining - 5 days 
Epidermal - 14 days 
RBC's - 120 days 
Liver cells - 300-500 days 
Cerebral cortex - as old as the person
Skeletal muscle - 10 years