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Burgundy > Introduction, History & laws > Flashcards

Introduction, History & laws Flashcards

1
Q

Who created a classification in Burgundy in 1855?

A
  • Jules Lavalle
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2
Q

What is the Trois Glorieuses?

A
  • A weekend-long celebration occurring on the third Saturday of November. Saturday is the event at the Château du Clos de Vougeot, Sunday is the wine auction of les Hospices de Beaune and Monday is la paulée de Meursault
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3
Q

Place in order from lowest to highest yield allowed for the following vineyards
1. a) Bonnes-Mares
2. b) Bourgogne passe-tout-grains
3. c) A 1er cru
4. d) A village

A

a) Bonnes-Mares
c) A 1er cru
d) A village
b) Bourgogne passe toutgrains

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4
Q

What is the most common training system in Côte d’Or?

A
  • Single Guyot (cane-prunned)
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5
Q

True/False, Usually Bordeaux vineyards has more vines per hectare than Côte d’Or?

A
  • False, it’s the opposite
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6
Q

Who’s the iconic Burgundy producer considered as pioneer in destemming and cold soak winemaking?

A
  • Henri Jayer
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7
Q

Name the 3 AOP of Chablis

A
  • Petit Chablis
  • Chablis
  • Chablis Grand Cru
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8
Q

True of false, the subtractive must enrichment is illegal

A
  • False, legal since 2009, the technique allows the producer to remove water from the must to concentrate the remainder by a maximum factor of 10%
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9
Q

What grape varieties are allowed for a Mâcon Village AOP?

A
  • Chardonnay only
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10
Q

What grape varieties are allowed for a Mâcon with Geographical Designation?

A
  • White: 100% chardonnay
  • Rosé/Red: 100% gamay
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11
Q

What is the renowned cooperage in Saint-Romain?

A
  • François Frères
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12
Q

What is Burgundy’s most planted grape variety?

A
  • Chardonnay
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13
Q

What are the progenies of Pinot x Gouais Blanc?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Aligoté
  • Gamay
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14
Q

What are the four lieux-dit who are authorized as geographic designations for Bourgogne AOP?

A
  • La Chapelle Notre Dame
  • Le Chapitre
  • Côte St-Jacques
  • Montrecul
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15
Q

What are the villages in the Yonne département that may append their name to Bourgogne AOP?

A
  • Chitry
  • Coulange-la-Vineuse
  • Épineuil
    -Tonnerre
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16
Q

What is the maximum allowed of César in Irancy?

A
  • max 10% combined with Pinot Gris
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17
Q

Does Sauvignon Gris is allowed for Saint-Bris?

A
  • Yes with Sauvignon Blanc
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18
Q

What style of wine is produced on Bourgogne Tonnerre AOP?

A
  • White only
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19
Q

Burgundy is on which départements?

A
  • Côte d’Or
  • Yonne
  • Rhône
  • Saône-et-Loire
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20
Q

What is the main difference between Crémant de Bourgogne et Bourgogne Mousseux?

A
  • Bourgogne mousseux is exclusively for sparkling reds, crémant is white or rosé, both are made by the traditional method
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21
Q

True or false, Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains only produce red wine

A
  • False, can be rosé too
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22
Q

Who were the two first négociant estates of Burgundy ?

A
  • Maison Champy
  • Maison Claude Marey
    (both founded in 1720)
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23
Q

What’s the major region for production of Crémant de Bourgogne?

A
  • Rully
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24
Q

In which century Philip the Bold banished the gamay grape?

A
  • 14th century (1395)
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25
Q

What is the size of a feuillette from Chablis?

A
  • 132 l
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26
Q

What is the size of a feuillette from Côte d’Or?

A
  • 114 l
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27
Q

What’s the synonym of Chardonnay in Burgundy?

A
  • Beaunois
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28
Q

What is the sole varietal allowed for a St-Bris AOP ?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
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29
Q

Name the three AOPs of Yonne. (Other than Chablis)

A
  • Irancy AOP
  • Saint-Bris AOP
  • Vézelay AOP
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30
Q

Which village in Côte d’Or AOP can produce Rosé ?

A
  • Marsannay AOP
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31
Q

True or False ? Montagny AOP can only produce white wine.

A
  • True
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32
Q

What style of wine is allowed for Mâcon AOP ?

A
  • Rouge, Rosé, Blanc
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33
Q

True or False ? Blagny AOP produce rouge, blanc & rosé.

A
  • False
  • Rouge only
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34
Q

From which AOP is a wine labeled ‘Vins Fins de la Côte de Nuits’ ?

A
  • Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP
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35
Q

Speaking of ‘Grand Éminent’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • Crémant de Bourgogne AOP
  • Higher restirictions
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36
Q

What is the grape ‘Beaunois’, what is the ‘Beurot’ ?

A
  • Beaunois = Chardonnay
  • Beurot = Pinot gris
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37
Q

True or False ? Grapes for Bourgogne Passetoutgrains are vinified together.

A
  • True
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38
Q

True or False ? There is Rosé produced in the Mâconnais, labeled as Mâcon-Villages.

A
  • False
  • There is rosé in the Mâcon, but only white may be labeled Mâcon-Villages.
39
Q

François Frères is a local Burgundy cooper originally founded in which village ?

A
  • Saint-Romain
40
Q

True or False? Corton rouge is usually the least expensive grand cru bottling in any négociant’s portfolio.

A
  • True
41
Q

In village appelation, which of Côte-de-Nuits can produce white ?

A
  • Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP
  • Marsannay AOP
  • Fixin AOP
  • Morey-Saint-Denis AOP
  • Vougeot AOP
  • Nuits-Saint-Georges AOP
42
Q

In village appelation, which of Côte-de-Nuits can not produce white ?

A
  • Gevrey-Chambertin AOP
  • Chambolle-Musigny AOP
  • Vosne-Romanée AOP
43
Q

The smallest AOP in all France ?

A
  • La Romanée, in Vosnes-Romanée, monopole of Comtes Liger-Bélair, 0.85ha
44
Q

Name the eight Grand Cru of Vosne-Romanée.

A

– La Tâche
– Romanée-Conti
– Richebourg
– Grande Rue
– La Romanée
– Romanée-St-Vivant
- Echézeaux
- Grands Echézeaux

45
Q

What is the latest promoted Grand Cru, and when was that ?

A
  • La Grande Rue, in 1992
46
Q

What is the main soil type of Côte d’Or ?

A
  • Limestone (and clay)
47
Q

What is a ‘combes’ in Côte d’Or ?

A
  • A significant geological feature of the region. These are dry, transverse valleys, carved during the last ice age by melt-water and erosion, which today serve as conduits for both cool breezes and hailstorms. Thousands of years of erosion deposited deep alluvial fans of pebbles and stone at the mouths of the combes, diversifying soil makeup. The combes play a large role in the complexity of the Côte d’Or’s terroir.
48
Q

True or False? The Côte de Beaune has about twice as much land under vine as the Côte de Nuits.

A
  • True
49
Q

True or False ? Côte Chalonnaise is usually more warm than Côte d’Or.

A
  • False
  • A bit cooler than the Côte d’Or, largely due to elevation, and western winds
50
Q

What is the soil type of Northern Beaujolais?

A
  • Granite of many colours, overlaid with clay and sand.
51
Q

Harmoni Xyridis was blamed for pyrazine-like aromas in the wines of the 2004 and 2011 vintages in Burgundy ; this phenomenon is also known as the ____ taint ?

A
  • Ladybug Taint
52
Q

True or False ? Chaptalization is legal for grand cru wines in Burgundy ?

A
  • True
53
Q

Year of Napoleonic Code ? What is it ?

A
  • 1804
  • Requiring inheritances to be split equally, amongst heirs.
  • End to Primogeniture, the right of the firstborn son to inherit his family’s entire estate
54
Q

Who came first between Benedictine Order and Cistercians Order ?

A
  • Benedictine ; Cistercians are an offshoot.
55
Q

True or False ? Premier Crus classification has been created in occupied France during the second world war – to be protected from requisition by the occupying forces.

A
  • True
  • Occupying German troops had been instructed to lay off ‘first growths’, leading to the creation of the Premier Crus designation. The demarcation line with the free Zone ran through the Côte Chalonnaise explaining why there are still no Premier Crus in the more southernly Mâconnais (well now we have Pouilly-Fuissé).
56
Q

Côte d’Or is a UNESCO World Heritage since when ?

A
  • 4th of July 2015
57
Q

Who’s historic figure ordered Gamay grapes to be ripped up of Burgundy in favor of the lower-yielding (and theoretically superior) Pinot Noir ?

A
  • Philip the Bold
  • 1395
58
Q

Who’s historic figure tried to promote hillside viticulture in burgundy ?

A
  • Philip the Good
  • 1141
59
Q

When and whom founded the Hôtel Dieu of Beaune (Hospices de Beaune) ?

A
  • 1443 by Chancellor Nicolas Rolin
60
Q

Why Hospices de Beaune is so famous ?

A
  • Famous for its 60 hectares wine estate, the majority of which is classified as Grands Crus and Premiers Crus, sold at auction on the 3rd Sunday in November. It is the most famous wine charity auction in the world. This charity wine sale acts as an international barometer for the market in prestigious wines.
61
Q

How much contain a pièce (Burgundy barrel) ?

A
  • 228 L
62
Q

Nowadays, the appellation Bourgogne grand Ordinaire AOP is named..?

A
  • Coteaux Bourguignons AOP, since 2011
63
Q

True or False? One can blend fruit from different premier cru parcels within the same village and still use the term premier cru, sans actual vineyard name, on the label.

A
  • True, as these vineyards are technically geographical designations appended onto the village AOPs rather than separate, distinct AOPs themselves. In some instances, smaller premier cru vineyards may be grouped together into larger ones, and a producer may have the option to choose which vineyard name he/she prefers. In Chablis and Chassagne-Montrachet this is especially common.
64
Q

In Burgundy, what is an ‘Ouvrées’ ?

A
  • An “ouvrée” is a historic unit of measurement used chiefly in eastern France. It represents the amount of land a man could work in one day, without horses, oxen, or mules.
65
Q

Varietals allowed for a red wine from Mâcon AOP ?

A
  • Gamay
  • Pinot Noir
66
Q

Encépagement for Bourgogne Passetoutgrains AOP ?

A
  • Min. 30% Pinot Noir
  • Min. 15% Gamay;
  • Plus a max. 15% mixed plantings of Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris
  • Rosé & Rouge
  • Varieties must be vinified together
67
Q

When did Phylloxera arrived in Burgundy ?

Meursault ?

Chablis ?

A
  • 1874 ; Villié-Morgon, Beaujolais
  • 1878 ; Meursault
  • 1887 ; Chablis
68
Q

Rivers that flows from Chalon-sur-Saône to Mâcon ?

A
  • Saône river
69
Q

What are the ingredients for a ‘Kir cocktail’ ?

A
  • Crème de Cassis
  • Bourgogne Aligoté
70
Q

Name of the main road that goes through the Côte d’Or ?

A
  • Highway D974
  • The Route des Grand Crus (country road)
71
Q

Speaking of ‘Fermage’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • A simple agreement in which the tenant paid cash to lease the land
  • i.e. Domaine de la Romanée Conti leases three separate vineyard parcels in Corton AOP (fermage)
72
Q

Speaking of ‘Métayage’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • A form of sharecropping
  • i.e. Dom. Georges Roumier farms a parcel in Ruchottes-Chambertin AOP (owned by Michel Bonnefond) producing the wine for both labels (métayage)
73
Q

What is the pre-phylloxera method of replanting ?

A
  • Provignage (Marcottage)
74
Q

What is Flavescence Dorée ?

A
  • The most distressing disease currently appearing in Burgundy vineyards
  • Bacteria that are parasitic to plant material
  • Leafhopper insects spread the bacteria from vine to vine
  • Growth slows, berries shrivel, leaves yellow, and the vine itself may die
  • Currently there is no cure beyond uprooting the vine and starting anew
  • First appeared in Burgundy in 2004, a major outbreak in the northern Mâconnais in 2011
75
Q

Who has been suited for refusing to fight Flavescence Dorée in 2014 ?

A
  • Emmanuel Giboulot
76
Q

What is the latitude of Burgundy ?

A
  • 46 – 48
77
Q

What is used to chaptalize Burgundy wines ?

A
  • White sugar of beets
  • Increase alcohol content in a fermenting wine
78
Q

True or False ? Acidification is authorized in Burgundy ?

A
  • True
  • Provided it is declared and documented.
79
Q

True or False ? It is legal to chaptalize and acidify the same wine in Burgundy.

A
  • It is technically illegal, but this too occurs.
80
Q

Where else, than France, do we find Kimmeridgian soil (from where the name is) ?

A
  • Kimmeridge village
  • Dorset, UK
81
Q

What is ‘Exogyra Virgula’ ?

A
  • The specific seashell fossil found in the kimmeridgian soils
82
Q

How many Grand Crus in Côte d’Or ?

A
  • 32
  • Chablis Grand Cru represent the 33rd
83
Q

Name all AOPs that can be Gamay based wines in Burgundy. (excludes Beaujolais)

A
  • Bourgogne Gamay AOP (min. 85% Gamay, IF vineyard is within a Beaujolais Cru)
  • Bourgogne Passe-tout-Grains AOP (min. 15% Gamay, min. 30% PN, Max 15%Chardo-PB-PG, Vinified together.)
  • Coteaux Bourguignon AOP (Gamay + PN)
  • Mâcon AOP (Gamay + PN, 100% Gamay for Mâcon with Geographical designation)
84
Q

Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP may only be produced in 4 communes of the Côte de Nuits, which ones?

A
  • Brochon
  • Premeaux
  • Corgoloin
  • Comblanchien
85
Q

What AOP of Burgundy is based on traditional field blends of the past?

A
  • Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP
86
Q

What IGP overlaps Beaujolais, Northern Rhône and Savoie?

A
  • Comtés Rhodaniens IGP
87
Q

What two Catholic monastic orders are responsible for most of the vineyard delimitations and quality winemaking?

A
  • Benedictines
  • Cistercians
88
Q

What famous plot used to be known as ‘’Clos de Cinq Journaux’’ in the 12th century?

A
  • Romanée-Conti (Benedictines’ plow; the Priory of Saint-Vivant de Vergy would have received a gift of unplanted land, around 1131.)
89
Q

Explain the difference between Fermage and Métayage.

A
  • Fermage; Tenant pays to lease land
  • Métayage; Form of sharecropping, the farmer produces wine for both labels (owner and himself.)
90
Q

Biggest vineyard holder in the Côte d’Or?

A
  • Bouchard Père et Fils (130ha)
  • Louis Jadot owns more (150ha) but all around Burgundy.
91
Q

Who was the first producer in the Côte d’Or to adopt biodynamic practices?

A
  • Jean-Claude Rateau
92
Q

Maximum % of white grapes allowed in most Burgundy reds? Name a reason why they are allowed.

A
  • 15%
  • PN is highly prone to mutations in the vineyard.
93
Q

When did Gevrey became Gevrey-Chambertin ?

A
  • 1847

Burgundy (4 decks)

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