Introduction, Gross Anatomy of Urinary System Flashcards
What is the role of the urinary system?
Remove metabolic waste
Regulate electrolytes + BP
Stabilise pH
Reabsorption of small molecules
Produce erythropoietin
How are the kidneys peritonised?
Retroperitoneal
At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?
T12-L3
Which rib sits posterior to the kidneys?
12th rib
Which nerves sit posterior to the kidneys?
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nn
What structures make up the external capsule of the kidney?
Renal capsule → Perirenal fat → Renal fascia → Pararenal fat
What is the internal structure of the kidney from medulla to ureter?
Medulla Pyramid Papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Pelvis Ureter
What is the first constriction of the ureter?
Pelvicoureteric junction (PUJ) Ureter passes over inferor renal pole
What is the second constriction of the ureter?
Ureter crosses over the external iliac vessels
What is the third constriction of the ureter?
Vesicoureteric junction Ureter traverses the bladder wall
What is the order of structures traversing the renal hilum?
Anterior → Posterior Vein Artery Pelvis/Ureter
The renal artery is a branch of which artery?
Abdominal aorta
What are the segments of the kidney?
Apical Antero-superior Antero-inferior Inferior Posterior
The renal veins drain into what?
Inferior vena cava
What are the interlobar arteries?
Arterial branches which supply each nephron by passing between renal pyramids
What are the arcuate arteries?
Branches which pass around the circumference of the pyramid
What are the interlobular arteries?
Supply to each nephron
The kidney has how many segmental branches?
5
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?
Lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the nerve supply to the kidney?
Renal plexus: Sympathetic: T10-L1 Sensory afferent: T11-L2
What is the trigone of the bladder?
Triangular structure formed by corners being the opening of the ureters and urethra
The ureters enter into which part of the bladder?
Apex
The median umbilical ligament is what structure in the embryo?
Embryonic Urachus
The medial umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?
Occluded umbilical artery
The lateral umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?
Inferior epigastric vessels
What structure sits between the uterus and the rectum in the female anatomy?
Recto-uterine pouch
Which muscle of the bladder is contracted during micturation?
Detrusor muscle
Which urethral sphincter is under somatic control?
External urethral sphincter
Which nerve controls voluntary relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?
Pudendal nerve
Parasympathetic control of the internal urethral sphincter is controlled by what?
Pelvic gangion
Nerves supplying the pelvic ganglion originate at which spinal levels?
S2,3,4
Which nerves innervate the internal urethral sphincter?
Parasympthetic: Pelvic nerve Sympathetic: Hypogastric nerve
The hypogastric (sympathetic) ganglion controlling the muscles of micturition originate at which spinal levels?
T10 - L2
Which structures make up the ejaculatory duct?
Vas deferens Seminal vesicle
Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?
Parasympathetic nerve
Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?
Sympathetic nerve
Which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?
Membranous
Transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?
L1
Which structures make up the nephron?
Renal corpuscles Renal tubules
Which structures make up the renal corpuscles?
Glomerulus Bowmen’s capsule
Which structures make up the uriniferous tubule?
Nephron
Collecting duct
What structure is shown here?
Ureter
What structure is shown here?
Bladder
What structure is shown here?
Medulla of the kidney
What structure is shown here?
Cortex of the kidney
What characteristic identifies the ureter vs other tubules?
Star shaped lumen
What type of epithelium lines the urinary system?
Transitional epithelium
Give the structure of the muscular layers of the bladder?
Smooth muscle:
Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
Identify these structures
A - Renal cortex
B - Renal corpuscle
C - Arcuate vessels
D - Renal medulla
E - (ascending) loop of Henle
F - Collecting duct
What deformity is this?
Aberrant renal arteries
What deformity is this?
Pelvic kidney
What deformity is this?
Unilateral double kidney
What deformity is this?
Horseshoe kidney
