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RENAL PHYSIOLOGY > Introduction, Gross Anatomy of Urinary System > Flashcards

Introduction, Gross Anatomy of Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the urinary system?

A

Remove metabolic waste

Regulate electrolytes + BP

Stabilise pH

Reabsorption of small molecules

Produce erythropoietin

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2
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?

A

T12-L3

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4
Q

Which rib sits posterior to the kidneys?

A

12th rib

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5
Q

Which nerves sit posterior to the kidneys?

A

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nn

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6
Q

What structures make up the external capsule of the kidney?

A

Renal capsule → Perirenal fat → Renal fascia → Pararenal fat

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7
Q

What is the internal structure of the kidney from medulla to ureter?

A

Medulla Pyramid Papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Pelvis Ureter

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8
Q

What is the first constriction of the ureter?

A

Pelvicoureteric junction (PUJ) Ureter passes over inferor renal pole

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9
Q

What is the second constriction of the ureter?

A

Ureter crosses over the external iliac vessels

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10
Q

What is the third constriction of the ureter?

A

Vesicoureteric junction Ureter traverses the bladder wall

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11
Q

What is the order of structures traversing the renal hilum?

A

Anterior → Posterior Vein Artery Pelvis/Ureter

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12
Q

The renal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

Abdominal aorta

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13
Q

What are the segments of the kidney?

A

Apical Antero-superior Antero-inferior Inferior Posterior

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14
Q

The renal veins drain into what?

A

Inferior vena cava

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15
Q

What are the interlobar arteries?

A

Arterial branches which supply each nephron by passing between renal pyramids

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16
Q

What are the arcuate arteries?

A

Branches which pass around the circumference of the pyramid

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17
Q

What are the interlobular arteries?

A

Supply to each nephron

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18
Q

The kidney has how many segmental branches?

A

5

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19
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?

A

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

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20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the kidney?

A

Renal plexus: Sympathetic: T10-L1 Sensory afferent: T11-L2

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21
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A

Triangular structure formed by corners being the opening of the ureters and urethra

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22
Q

The ureters enter into which part of the bladder?

A

Apex

23
Q

The median umbilical ligament is what structure in the embryo?

A

Embryonic Urachus

24
Q

The medial umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?

A

Occluded umbilical artery

25
Q

The lateral umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

26
Q

What structure sits between the uterus and the rectum in the female anatomy?

A

Recto-uterine pouch

27
Q

Which muscle of the bladder is contracted during micturation?

A

Detrusor muscle

28
Q

Which urethral sphincter is under somatic control?

A

External urethral sphincter

29
Q

Which nerve controls voluntary relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve

30
Q

Parasympathetic control of the internal urethral sphincter is controlled by what?

A

Pelvic gangion

31
Q

Nerves supplying the pelvic ganglion originate at which spinal levels?

A

S2,3,4

32
Q

Which nerves innervate the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Parasympthetic: Pelvic nerve Sympathetic: Hypogastric nerve

33
Q

The hypogastric (sympathetic) ganglion controlling the muscles of micturition originate at which spinal levels?

A

T10 - L2

34
Q

Which structures make up the ejaculatory duct?

A

Vas deferens Seminal vesicle

35
Q

Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

A

Parasympathetic nerve

36
Q

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nerve

37
Q

Which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?

A

Membranous

38
Q

Transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?

A

L1

39
Q

Which structures make up the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscles Renal tubules

40
Q

Which structures make up the renal corpuscles?

A

Glomerulus Bowmen’s capsule

41
Q

Which structures make up the uriniferous tubule?

A

Nephron

Collecting duct

42
Q

What structure is shown here?

A

Ureter

43
Q

What structure is shown here?

A

Bladder

44
Q

What structure is shown here?

A

Medulla of the kidney

45
Q

What structure is shown here?

A

Cortex of the kidney

46
Q

What characteristic identifies the ureter vs other tubules?

A

Star shaped lumen

47
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urinary system?

A

Transitional epithelium

48
Q

Give the structure of the muscular layers of the bladder?

A

Smooth muscle:

Inner longitudinal

Middle circular

Outer longitudinal

49
Q

Identify these structures

A

A - Renal cortex

B - Renal corpuscle

C - Arcuate vessels

D - Renal medulla

E - (ascending) loop of Henle

F - Collecting duct

50
Q

What deformity is this?

A

Aberrant renal arteries

51
Q

What deformity is this?

A

Pelvic kidney

52
Q

What deformity is this?

A

Unilateral double kidney

53
Q

What deformity is this?

A

Horseshoe kidney

54
Q
A

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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