Introduction Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Urinary System Flashcards
What is the urinary system composed of?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
What are some functions of the urinary system?
- Removes metabolic waste from blood by filtration and excretion
- Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure (by renin-angiotensin mechanism)
- Helps to stabilise the pH
- Reabsorption of small molecules (amino acids, glucose and peptides)
- Produces erythropoietin (a stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow
By what mechanism does the urinary system regulate plasma electrolyte and blood pressure?
Renin-angiotensin mechanism
By what processes does the urinary system remove metabolic waste from blood?
Filtration and excretion
What are some examples of small molecules that the urinary system reabsorbs?
Amino acids
Glucose
Peptides
What is erythropoietin?
Stimulat of RBC production by bone marrow
Are the kidneys retro or intraperitoneal structures?
Retroperitoneal
Between what spinal levels do the kidneys lie?
T12-L3
Do the kidneys lie level to each other? If not, why is this?
Right kidney is slightly lower than left kidney due to liver
Are the kidneys fully or partially peritonised?
Partially peritonised
What are some of the anterior relations of each kidney?
What are some of the posterior relations of each kidney?
What nerves run posterior accross each kidney?
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Describe the structures surrounding the actual kidney from superficial to deep?
What is A?
Cortex
What is B?
Medulla
What ic C?
Pyramid (10-18)
What is D?
Papilla
What is E?
Minor calyx
What is F?
Major calyx
What is G?
Pelvis
What is H?
Ureter
What is I?
Renal lobe